Open the brackets using the correct modal verb.

1. The talker (can, must) remember that conversation (must, should) serve a purpose (цель). 2. We often (may, have to) use encyclopaedias where we (must, can) find information that we need at the moment. 3. Writers do not always express things directly so that you (have to, may) think carefully to see what they mean. 4. Reading a book (may, should) be a conversation between you and the author. 5. To achieve (чтобы достичь) progress in any subject we (may, must) discuss things. 6. You (can’t, shouldn’t) worry. 7. When we are introduced to new people we (may, should) try to appear friendly (казаться дружелюбными). 8. You (must, can) be there on time. 9. I (may, have to) get up early. 10. The lecturer (may, must) remember the names of his students.

31. Translate and pay attention on the meaning of modal verbs to be и to have.

To have to – to be to необхідність

To have to + inf – вимушена необхідність To be to + inf – необхідність вимушена за умови(плану, наказу)

I have to go there I had to go there I’ll have to go there Я змушений їхати туди. Я був змушений поїхати туди. Я змушений буду поїхати туди. I am to go there I was to go there Я повинен поїхати туди. Мне передбачено поїхати туди (домовленість)

We are to meet Jane at the station. 2. Helen is to go to the country. 3. Ann has to cook dinner as her mother is away. 4. They had to wait long as she didn’t return in time. 5. The Dean isn’t in the Dean’s office. You will have to come here again. 6. What time were they to come here yesterday? 7. My sister is to arrive on Sunday. 8. We are to take four exams in winter. 9. The train goes out at 5 a.m., so we shall have to get up early. 10. The meeting is to take place after classes.

32. Put the correct form of modal verb to be. Translate the sentences.

1. The lecture … to begin at eight. 2. She … to come and help. 3. You … to learn all the new words. 4. The planters … to gather their cotton at once. 5. I … to leave tomorrow. 6. The youngest children … to play on the beach. 7. We … to wait for them at the door. 8. He … to meet her at the station yesterday. 9. They … to stay at that hotel yesterday. 10. They … to start on Monday.

33. Put the correct form of modal verb to have. Translate the sentences.

She … to send a telegram because it was too late to send a letter. 2. I … to finish some work at the phonetics laboratory. 3. The child has stomach trouble (проблемы с желудком) and … to take castor oil. 4. If I don’t ring up before six o’clock, then you … to go to the concert hall alone. 5. He … to wear glasses as my eyesight (зрение) is very weak. 6. You … to do it alone. Without anybody’s help. 7. They … to translate this article. 8. It’s raining. You … to put on your rain-coat. 9. I didn’t feel well yesterday but I … to go to the University because I was to take an exam. 10. The text is rather difficult that’s why you … to look the new words up in the dictionary.

34. Insert may or might:

1. It... rain, you’d better take a coat. 2. He said that it... rain. 3. He said that we... use his office whenever we liked. 4. You ought to buy now; prices... go up. 5. You... be more attentive in class. 6. They said they... come tomorrow. 7.... I borrow your umbrella? 8. Some of these mines... even become profitable again. 9. We... go to the country tomorrow.

35. Insert can, could or be able to:

1. He was very strong: he... ski all day and dance all night. 2. I had no key so I... lock the door. 3. When I first went to Spain I... read Spanish but I... speak it. 4. I was a long way from the stage. I... see all right but I... hear very well. 5. I’m locked in. I... get out! (negative). 6. I... go to the lecture today because I feel bad. 7. When I was a child I... understand adults, and now when I am an adult I... understand children. 8.... you tell me the time, please? I’m afraid I.... I haven’t got a watch.

36. Change the sentences into the Past and Future Indefinite:

1. He must sell the house. 2. We must do it at once. 3. Must you pay for it yourself? 4. She must learn the text by heart. 5. They must change trains in Paris. 6. They must read it carefully. 7. We must study hard. 8. I must change my shoes. 9. We must hurry. 10. They must be at the University at 8.30.

37. Insert must orthe present, future, or past form of have to:

1. You... read this book. It’s really excellent. 2. She felt ill and... leave early. 3. Mr Pitt... cook his own meals. His wife is away. 4. Farmers... get up early. 5. Park notice: All dogs... be kept on leads. 6. Employer: You... come to work in time. 7. He sees very badly and he... wear glasses all the time. 8. Tell her that she... be here by six. I insist on it. 9. The buses were all full and I... get a taxi. 10. This work... be done at once. 11. I hadn’t enough money and I... pay by cheque. 12. You... be careful crossing the road. 13. I never remember his address; I always... look it up.

38. Insert must not or need not:

1. We... drive fast; we have plenty of time. 2. You... drive fast; there is a speed limit here. 3. You... drink this: it is poison. 4. You... smoke in a non-smoking compartment. 5. You... ring the bell; I have a key. 6. Mother to child: You... play with matches. 7. You... write to him for he will be here tomorrow. 8. You... bring an umbrella. It isn’t going to rain. 9. Candidates... bring books into the examination room. 10. You... do all the exercise. Ten sentences will be enough. 11. We... make any noise or we’ll wake the baby. 12. I’ll lend you the money and you... pay me back till next month.

39. Put “to” where necessary:

1. He was able (explain). 2. He should (be) ready by now. 3. May I (ask) you a question? 4. You are not (mention) this to anyone. 5. The doctor said that I ought (give up) smoking. 6. It might (kill) somebody. 7. You needn’t (come) tomorrow. 8. He has (do) it himself. 9. We’ve got (get out). 10. You ought (have finished) it last night. 11. We didn’t have (pay) anything. 12. She ought (accept) the offer. 13. You can’t (cross) the street here. 14. You could (see) the sea from the house. 15. They ought (warn) people about the dangerous currents. 16. He used (live) here.

SELF – STUDY #5

40. Collect information about the internal organs of human body or systems of human body and prepare A Did you know? article. Write about the structure and its function.

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