UNIT 1 WHY DO WE NEED OIL AND GAS?

1.1. Remember the meaning of the following words and word-combinations:

to provide - снабжать, обеспечивать, предоставлять

plastics – изделия из пластмассы, полимеры

fuel – топливо

manufacturer – изготовитель, производитель

hydrogen – водород

ethanol – этанол

to charge – заряжать

fuel cell – топливная батарея, топливный элемент

by-product – побочный продукт

to recognize – признавать

reserves –запасы

pipeline – трубопровод

consuming market – потребительский рынок

to chill – охлаждать

to transport – перевозить, транспортировать

to convert - превращать

to enable – давать возможность

alternative energy sources – альтернативные источники энергии

to acknowledge – признавать

oil consumption- потребление жидкого топлива, конечное использование нефти (на НПЗ или/и непосредственно в качестве топлива) и нефтепродуктов (в качестве готовых продуктов и/или нефтехимического сырья)

competitive – конкурентоспособный, конкурентный

gas-to-liquids (GTL) – технология сжижения газа (производства синтетического жидкого топлива – дизельного топлива и бензина – из природного газа)

liquified natural gas (LNG) - сжиженный природный газ.

1.2. Read and translate the text using a dictionary.

Why do we Need Oil and Gas?

Oil and natural gas are an important part of your everyday life. Not only do they give us mobility, they heat and cool our homes and provide electricity. Millions of products are made from oil and gas, including plastics, life-saving medications, clothing, cosmetics, and many other items you may use daily.

In the United States, 97% of the energy that drives the transportation sector (cars, buses, subways, railroads, airplanes, etc.) comes from fuels made from oil. Auto manufacturers are developing cars to run on alternate fuels such as electricity, hydrogen and ethanol. However, the electric batteries need to be charged and the fuel to generate the electricity could be oil or gas. The hydrogen needed for fuel cells may be generated from natural gas or petroleum-based products. Even as alternative fuels are developed, oil will be crucially important to assuring that people can get where they need to be and want to go for the foreseeable future. Barring any increase in the penetration of new technologies, alternative fuels are not expected to become competitive with oil for transportation before 2025.

In areas of the world that are still developing, businesses and individuals are demanding greater mobility for themselves and their products. In China, for example, the number of cars has been growing by 20% per year. Airports are being added in these countries as well, expanding jet fuel demand. Oil is expected to remain the primary fuel source for transportation throughout the world for the foreseeable future, and transportation fuels are projected to account for almost 57% of total world oil consumption by 2020.

World population is currently around 6 billion people, but is expected to grow to approximately 7.6 billion by 2020. That will mean a huge increase in the demand for transportation fuels, electricity, and many other consumer products made from oil and natural gas.

Natural-gas use is growing across all economic sectors. Natural gas burns cleaner than oil or coal, and this environmental benefit has encouraged its use. While decades ago, natural gas was seen as an unwanted by-product of oil and may have been wasted, its value has been recognized. Developing nations with gas reserves are finding this resource invaluable to building their economies. Most natural gas is distributed by pipelines, which is a limiting factor for remote resources that are not near the major consuming markets. Some natural gas is chilled to a liquid state (LNG) whereby it can be transported across oceans by tanker. Similarly, there is considerable development of technology to convert natural gas to liquids (GTL) to enable transportation.

The world economy runs on oil and natural gas. These fuels improve your quality of life by providing you with transportation, warmth, light, and many everyday products. They enable you to get where you need to go, they supply products you need, and they create jobs. Without oil and natural gas, quality of life would decline and people in developing nations would not be able to improve their standard of living. Does that mean that alternative energy sources are not necessary? Of course not. But it is important to acknowledge the value of oil and gas to the world economy and recognize that it will be decades before the alternatives can replace all of things that oil and natural gas contribute to our lives.

1.3. Answer the questions on the text:

1. Why are oil and gas an important part of our everyday life? 2. What can you say about the use of oil and natural gas in developing countries? 3. What alternative fuels do you know? Are they expected to become competitive with oil for transportation? Why? 4. What will account for a huge increase in the demand for transportation fuels, electricity, and many other consumer products made from oil and natural gas? 5. Why is natural-gas use growing across all economic sectors? 6. How is natural gas transported? 7. What do oil and gas provide us with?

1.4. Translate the following words and phrases into English:

Исключая, за исключением, кроме; спрос на транспортное топливо; важнейший, главный источник транспортного топлива; продукты на нефтяной основе; работать на альтернативных видах топлива; в ближайшем будущем; внедрение новых технологий; стать конкурентоспособным; конкурировать; технология сжижения газа; главные, крупные потребительские рынки; бесценный, неоценимый; уровень жизни; нежелательный побочный продукт.

1.5. Match a word in column A with its opposite in column B:

A B

1. unwanted 1.quantity

2. considerable 2. unimportant

3. quality 3. necessary

4. remote 4. developed

5. heat 5. supply

6. currently 6.decrease

7. benefit 7. harm

8. increase 8. then

9. demand 9. cool

10. developing 10. near

1.6. Match a word in A with a word in B to make a word combination:

A. 1. life-saving B. 1. natural gas to liquids

2. to run 2. nations

3. become 3. the value of oil and gas

4. fuel 4. resources

5. to generate 5. on alternate fuels

6. to expand 6. products

7. consumer 7. medications

8. environmental 8. cells

9. remote 9. competitive

10. to convert 10. the electricity

11. developing 11. benefit

12. to acknowledge 12. jet fuel demand

1.7. Say whether the following sentences are true (T) or false (F):

1. In the United States, 97% of the energy that drives the transportation sector comes from fuels made from natural gas.

2. Auto producers are designing cars to work on electricity, hydrogen and

ethanol.

3. Alternative fuels are expected to compete with oil for transportation before 2025.

4. Airports are being built in developing countries, expanding jet fuel demand.

5.World population is supposed to grow to about 7.6 billion by 2020.

6. The value of natural gas was acknowledged decades ago.

7. It’s impossible to transport natural gas across oceans by tanker.

8. The world economy depends on oil and natural gas.

1.8. Retell the text, using the following phrases:

An important part of your everyday life; comes from fuels made from oil; to run on alternate fuels; penetration of new technologies; to become competitive with; to remain the primary fuel source for transportation; world oil consumption; the demand for transportation fuels, electricity, and many other consumer products made from oil and natural gas; natural-gas use; environmental benefit; an unwanted by-product of oil; to recognize; the world economy; replace.

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