Unit 12 drillling the well

12.1. Remember the meaning of the following words and word-combinations:

round-the-clock - круглосуточный

spudding in – забуривание (скважины)

completion – заканчивание нефтяной скважины, вскрытие (нефтяного пласта) drilling foreman = toolpusher – буровой мастер

crew - бригада

eight-hour shift - восьмичасовая смена

be in charge of - отвечать за

cuttings - шлам

core – керн

to supervise – наблюдать за ч-л

productive formation - продуктивный пласт

drilling fluid = mud – буровой раствор, промывочная жидкость

treatment - технологическая обработка, очистка

stuck pipe – прихват трубы

kelly – ведущая бурильная труба

rotary table - буровой ротор, стол бурового ротора

weight on the bit - нагрузка на долото

weight indicator - индикатор нагрузки на буровой инструмент

drill string - колонна бурильных труб, бурильная колонна

to descend - опускать, спускать

joint – стык, соединение

to screw on - привинчивать

the first tool joint - первое замковое соединение, первый бурильный замок

to insert wedges – вставлять зажимные плашки

rotary slips – плашки для зажима бурильных труб в роторе

recess – паз, выемка, желобок

table bushing – втулка (вкладыш) роторного стола

derrick – буровая вышка, установка

tongs – трубный ключ, захваты

to resume – начинать снова

to replace – заменять

stand - свеча бурильных труб

to stack – укладывать правильными рядами

derrick man – верховой рабочий

out –подъем, извлечение

running in - спуск

round trip – рейс, спускоподъемная операция

rig – буровая установка (включая вышку)

12.2. Read and translate the text using a dictionary:

The technique of drilling.

The drilling of a well is a round-the-clock operation and usually continues uninterruptedly from the moment of drilling the first foot (spudding in) until completion. Under the supervision of a drilling foreman (toolpusher), three crews, each comprising a driller and four men, work three eight-hour shifts. A mechanic attends to the engines and other specialists are called in as required.

While the drillers are responsible for the mechanical operations of drilling, the engineer in charge has to see that the drilling programme is carried out to best advantage. He may examine drill cuttings and cores before sending them to the laboratory for more detailed examination; he may supervise production tests of potentially productive forma­tions; he will repeatedly test the drilling fluid to ensure its proper consistency and performance, and will see that it receives any necessary chemical or mechanical treatment. This is most important, because neglected or improperly treated mud can seriously impede progress, or even lead to loss of well control, stuck pipe or equally serious hazards.

When the drilling string has been run to bottom and the kelly connected, the mud pumps are started and when nor­mal circulation is achieved the rotary table is put into motion and drilling proceeds. The weight on the bit, as shown by the weight indicator, is kept at the required value by gradually lowering the string until the kelly has descend­ed through most of its length and another joint has to be screwed on. The kelly is then raised until the first tool joint shows above the rotary machine when the weight of the string is taken up by inserting wedges (rotary slips) around the drill pipe. These slips fit into a recess in the rotary table, known as the table bushing. The kelly is then unscrewed by means of mechanically operated tongs and is placed to one side of the derrick. A 30 ft joint of drill pipe is screwed on the kelly is replaced and drilling is resumed.

At intervals, generally because a bit has to be replaced, the entire string is pulled and unscrewed in 90 ft stands which are stacked in a nearly upright position on one side of the derrick floor with the help of the derrick man. This man occupies a rather precarious position on a platform high up in the derrick, to which he is attached by a safety belt.

Pulling out and running in a long, heavy drilling string (the entire operation is called a 'round trip') is a lengthy business inspite ofefficient handling methods and powerful equip­ment. On a well organized rig drilling at 15 000 ft, it may take 51 hours to pull out and 31 hours to run back in again, the pulling out taking longer on account of the great weight (about 100 tons) to be lifted in the early stages.

12. 3. Answer the questions on the text:

1) How long does the drilling of a well last? 2) Who supervises the work of a drilling crew? 3) What are the drillers responsible for? 4) What is an engineer in charge of? 5) Why is chemical and mechanical treatment of the drilling fluid necessary? 6) What device shows the weight on the bit? 7) Does the drill string consist of several joints? 8) Why is it necessary to make intervals during the drilling operations? 9) How long are the stands which are stacked on one side of the derrick floor? 10) Who helps to carry out this operation? 11) Is a ‘round trip’ a lengthy business? 12) How long does it take and why?

12.4. Give English equivalents of the following word-combinations from the text:

Продолжаться непрерывно, по мере необходимости, наилучшим образом, подробное исследование, гарантировать необходимую стабильность и функционирование бурового раствора, препятствовать продвижению вниз, серьёзная опасность, бурение начинается, поддерживается на нужном уровне, постепенно опуская, подходить к ч-л, развинчивать (отвинчивать), почти в вертикальном положении, предохранительный пояс, несмотря на, мощное оборудование, из-за

12.5. Match the words in list A with their equivalents in list B and translate them into Russian:

List A

1) round-the-clock 2) to supervise 3) pulling out and running in 4) wedges 5) drilling the first foot 6) drilling foreman 7) drilling mud 8) to change 9) to impede

List B

a) ‘round trip’ b) spudding in c) drilling fluid d) twenty-four-hour e) toolpusher f) to replace g) to prevent h) to control i) slips

12.6. Choose the only correct variant to fill in the gap:

1) The drilling of a well begins with spudding in end finishes with ………….

a) round trip b) pulling out c) completion d) a shift

2) …………. is responsible for the uninterrupted work of engines.

a) A mechanic b) A toolpusher c) A derrick man d) A mud engineer

3) …………… helps to cool the bit and to carry the cuttings to the surface.

a) Drilling foreman b) Spudding in

c) Drilling fluid d) Drilling string

4) A ‘round trip’ operation is necessary to replace …………..

a) the kelly b) the slips c) the tongs d) the bit

5) The kelly is ……………. by means of mechanically operated tongs.

a) is unscrewed b) is descended c) is controlled d) is raised

6) The man who occupies a position on a platform high up in the derrick is called

……………….

a) a toolpusher b) a derrick man c) a foreman d) an engineer

7) Replacement of a bit is a lengthy operation ……….. the great weight of the

string.

a) in spite of b) by means of c) because of d) because

12.7. Give the summary of the text.

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