Контрольное задание № 2

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Для того чтобы правильно выполнить задание № 2, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику:

1.Видо - временные формы глагола:

a) активный залог-формы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future); формы
Continuous (Present, Past, Future); формы Perfect (Present, Past, Future);

б) пассивный залог - формы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future).
Особенности перевода пассивных конструкций на русский язык.

2. Модальные глаголы: а) модальные глаголы, выражающие
возможность: can (could), may и эквивалент глагола сап - to be able; b) модальные глаголы, выражающие долженствование: must, его эквиваленты to have to и to be to; should.

3. Простые неличные формы глагола: Participle I (Present Participle), Participle II (Past Participle) в функциях определения и обстоятельства; Gerund - герундий, простые формы.

4.Определительные и дополнительные придаточные предложения (союзные); придаточные обстоятельственные предложения времени и условия.

5.Интернациональные слова.

Вариант 1

1. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ

I. They were investing money in this business for two years.

1.Они вкладывали деньги в это дело в течение двух лет.

Were investing - Past Continuous Active от глагола to invest

ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ

I. They were investing money in this business for two years.

l.Они вкладывали деньги в это дело в течение двух лет.

Were investing - Past Continuous Active от глагола to invest.

1.The president of the company has shown some interest in spare parts for the equipment,

2.The Buyers and the Sellers were discussing the possibility of the purchase of inventory during their talks yesterday.

ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ

1. Particular attention is given by the World Bank to projects of developing countries.

1.Особое внимание уделяется Всемирным Банком проектам развивающихся стран.

Is given - Present Indefinite Passive от глагола to give.

1.The International Development Association is financed by grants from donor nations.

2.When a consignment was received, it was examined and the delivery note was signed.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle: I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли причастие определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ

I. The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund are directed by the governments of member nations..

I.Всемирный Банк и Международный валютный фонд управляются правительствами входящих в них стран.

(Are) directed - Participle II, составная часть видо-временной формы Present Indefinite от глагола to direct.

2. The Articles include d in the IMF's Agreement were signed by all its members.

2.Статьи, включенны е в соглашение МВФ (Международного валютного фонда), были подписаны всеми его участниками.

Included, определение.

3. Not knowing the main principles of the agreement, the director refused to sign it.

З. Не зная основных положений соглашения, директор отказался его подписать

Not knowing - Participle I, обстоятельство

1.Every project supported by the Bank is designed in close collaboration with national governments and local agencies.

2.The key opening the door to IMF (International Monetary Fund) assistance is the member's balance of payments.

3.The IMF (International Monetary Fund) is authorized to issue a special type of money, called the SDR (специальные права заимствования), to provide its members with additional liquidity.

4.While unloading the ship, there may be found out that some goods were damaged.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ

1.They will have to deliver the equipment within 12 month

I Они должны будут поставить оборудование в течение 12 месяцев.

1. Prices can be set by the government, usually for different public services -
railroads, electricity, manufactured gas, bus services, etc.

2.A company must deduct its costs, expenses, losses on bad debts and other

items.

3.The Act of Claim shall contain the description and quantity of the goods under claims, order number, description and origin of the defect.

4.All amendments and addendums to the Contract are to be considered as integral part of the Contract.

IV. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1,2, 4 абзацы текста.

Overseas Trade

1. Britain is the fifth largest trading nation in the world and, as a member of the European Community, part of the world's largest trading bloc, accounting for 20 per cent of all trade in goods and services. Exports of goods and services are equivalent to over 25 per cent of gross domestic product (GDP). Britain is a major supplier of machinery, vehicles, aerospace products, electrical and electronic equipment and chemicals, and a significant oil exporter. 82 per cent of exports and 77,5 per cent of imports are manufactured goods.

2.Since the mid-1970s North Sea oil has made a significant contribution to Britain's overseas trade - the surplus on trade in oil in 1991 amounted to about £1,200 million. Production peaked in the mid-1980s, when exports of fuels made up one fifth of total exports.

3.Countries also trade abroad in things like insurance, tourism, foreign investment, which are known as invisible imports and exports. When a country receives money from abroad for things other than goods, the transaction is called an invisible export.

4.Earnings from invisible trade are more than is earned from visible trade, placing Britain second only to the United States in overseas earnings from invisibles. Invisibles comprise internationally tradable services; interest, profits and dividends on external assets; and transfers between governments. Britain is responsible for some 10 per cent of the world's exports of services, which range from financial services such as banking, insurance and stock broking to consultancy, computer programming, training and tourism.

V. Прочитайте 3-й абзац текста и письменно ответьте на следующий вопрос:

What can you say about invisible imports and exports?

Вариант 2

I. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

а) ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ

1.They were investing money in this business for two years.

2.Они вкладывали деньги в это дело в течение двух лет.

Were investing - Past Continuous Active от глагола to invest.

1.Companies are continually developing new products to replace products whose sales are declining and coming to the end of their lives.

2.Sales representatives have discussed the terms of their cooperation.

б) ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ

2 Particular attention is given by the World Bank to projects of developing countries.

2.Особое внимание уделяется Всемирным Банком проектам развивающихся стран.

Is given - Present Indefinite Passive от глагола to give.

1. Many import or export deals are arranged through an exporter's agent or
distributor abroad.

2.The trading company was obliged to resell some goods at a loss.

П. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли причастие определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ

1. The World Bank and the Intemational Monetary Fund are directed by the governments of member nations..

1.Всемирный Банк и Между- народный валютный фонд управляются правительствами входящих в них стран.

(Are) directed - Participle II, составная часть видо-временной формы Present Indefinite от глагола to direct.

2. The Articles include d in the IMF's Agreement were signed by all its members.

2.Статьи, включенные в соглашение шение МВФ (Международного Валютного фонда), были подписаны всеми его участниками.

Included - Participle II, определение.

3. Not knowing the main principles of the agreement, the director refused to sign it.

З. Не зная основных положений соглашения, директор отказался его подписать.

1. Once a year the IMF (International Monetary Fund) has discussions with its members, analyzing their economic positions.

2. Although the freight was carefully handled, important components were
broken in transit.

3.All prices for the Goods delivered under the above Catalogs remain unchanged within all the period of the Contract's validity.

4.Providing its financial and technical assistance to developing countries the Bank supports only specific projects.

ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ

1. They will have to deliver the equipment within 12 months.

1.Они должны будут поставить оборудование в течение 12месяцев.

1.Firms hold regular sales conferences where their sales force can meet, receive information and ask questions about new products.

2.Late delivery, poor performance of a product and component failure may lead to conflict situations between the Saler and the Buyer.

3.Exporters have to know about trade restrictions, such as federal or

governmental quotas.

4.According to general conditions of delivery the goods should be packed
and marked so as to secure their protection during transportation by different
transport means.

IV. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1 абзац текста:

Financial Services and Public Finance

1. Financial Services. Britain is a major financial centre, housing some of the world's leading banking, insurance, securities, shipping, commodities, futures and other financial services and markets. The markets for financial and related services have grown and diversified greatly over the past decade. The heart of the industry is the collection of markets and institutions in and around the 'Square Mile' in the City of London. This area has:

- the greatest concentration of banks in the world - responsible for about 20 per cent of total international bank leading;

- the world's biggest insurance industry - with about 20 per cent of the international market;

- one of the world's largest stock exchanges;

- the largest foreign exchange market in the world, with an average daily turnover of about $ 200,000 million;

- the role of principal international centre for transactions in a large number of commodities; and

- a full range of legal, accountancy and management consultancy services which contribute to London's strength as a financial centre.

2. Public Finance. Central government raises money from individuals and companies through direct and indirect taxation. The main sources of revenue are personal income tax, corporation tax, petroleum revenue tax, inheritance tax, capital gains tax, valued added tax (VAT), and customs and excise duties. Other sources include National Insurance contributions, vehicle excise duty and local taxes on people and businesses.

V. Прочитайте 2-й абзац текста и письменно ответьте на следующий вопрос:

What are the main sources of revenue in Great Britain?

Вариант 3

I. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

а) ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ

1.They were investing money in this business for two years.

1.Они вкладывали деньги в это дело в течение двух лет.

Were investing - Past Continuous Active от глагола to invest.

1. European computer manufactures are working together on this project.

2. The IMF (International Monetary Fund) has gone through two distinct phases in its 50-year history.

б) ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ

2. Particular attention is given by the World Bank to projects of developing countries.

2. Особое внимание уделяется Всемирным Банком проектам развивающихся стран.

Is given - Present Indefinite Passive от глагола to give.

1. Oil prices are traditionally quoted in US dollars per barrel.

2. The process of distribution was simplified by wholesalers.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли причастие определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ

1. The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund are directed by the governments of member nations..

1.Всемирный Банк и Международный валютный фонд управляются правительствами входящих в них стран.

(Are) directed - Participle II, составная часть видо-временной формы Present Indefinite от глагола to direct

2.The Articles include d in the IMF's Agreement were signed by all its members.

2.Статьи, включенны е в соглашение МБФ (Международного. валютного фонда), были подписаны всеми его участниками.

Included - Participle II, определение.

3. Not knowing the main principles of the agreement, the director refused to sign it.

З. Не зная основных положений соглашения, директор отказалсяего подписать.

Not knowing - Participle I, обстоятельство

1.In many countries there are nationalized companies belonging to the state, as well as private companies.

2.The newly restricted company had a good year.

3.When delivering the goods, the list of documentation is sent to the Buyer.

4.All disputes arising under the Contract are settled at the Arbitration Court.

Ш. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ

1.They will have to deliver the equipment within 12 months

1.Они должны будут поставить оборудование в течение 12месяцев.

1.Suppliers and customers have to co-operate very closely.

2.The Agent is to perform some intermediate services'.

3.Producers must know why, where, for what purpose the consumers buy.

4.Brochures and catalogues can describe your product in more detail and
give more information than an advertisement.

IV. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1 -4, 6 абзацы текста:

Economy and Economic Strategy

1.Britain's economy is based primarily on private enterprise, which accounts for 75 per cent of output and nearly 70 per cent of employment.

2.Just over 2 per cent of the British workforce is engaged in agriculture, a lower proportion than in any other leading industrialized country. Services contribute a growing proportion of production, 65 per cent, while manufacturing accounts for 21 per cent.

3.By successfully exploiting oil and natural gas from the North Sea, Britain has become self-sufficient in energy. Exports, mainly to other EC (European Community) countries, are equivalent to over half of domestic oil production.

4.International trade plays a vital role in Britain's economy. Exports of goods and services make up around 25 per cent of national output.

5.The Government's economic strategy is centered on keeping the rate of inflation down, within a range of 1 to 4 per cent. As part of this strategy, public spending and borrowing are tightly controlled. At the same time government policy seeks to improve the working of markets and promote enterprise and efficiency.

6.Today Direct Controls on pay, prices, foreign exchange, divident payments and commercial credit do not exist in Britain. The Government improves work incentives by reducing corporate and personal income tax rates, and by increasing share ownership among employees.

V. Прочитайте 5-й абзац текста и письменно ответьте на следующий вопрос:

What does government policy seek to improve?

Вариант 4

а) ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ

1. They were investing money in this business for two years.

1. Они вкладывали деньги в это дело в течение двух лет.

Were investing - Past Continuous Active от глагола to invest.

1.Financial statements show how well the company is performing.

2.The Income Statement reports what the company has earned through the
sale of its products.

б) ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ

1. Particular attention is given by the World Bank to projects of developing countries.

1.Особое внимание уделяется Всемирным Банком проектам развивающихся стран

Is given - Present Indefinite Passive от глагола to give.

1. Goods are always insured in transit through an insurance company or
insurance brokers.

2.The customer was quite satisfied with our after-sales service

ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ

1. The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund are directed by the governments of member nations.

1.Всемирный Банк и Международный Валютный Фонд управляются правительствами входящих в них стран.

(Are) directed - Participle II, составная часть видо-временной формы Present Indefinite от глагола to dire ct.

2. The Articles in clude d in the IMF's Agreement were signed by all its members

2.Статьи, включе нные в соглашение МВФ (Международного Валютного Фонда), были подписаны всеми его участниками.

Included - Participle II, определение

3. Not knowing the main principles of the agreement, the

Не зная основных положений соглашения, директор отказался его подписать

Not knowing - Participle I, обстоятельство.

1.When buying equipment consumers take servicing costs into account.

2.Working in international trade you need to be familiar with the different types of payment that exist.

3.Loans support programs are solved with the help of economic reforms which can avert economic crises.

4.Projects assisted by the Bank also receive cofinancing from official sources, such as governments and export-credit agencies.

ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ

1.They will have to deliver the equipment within 12 months.

1.Они должны будут поставить оборудование в течение 12 месяцев.

1.There are various ways in which you can send money to your suppliers imder open account.

2.In business situations you may handle money or deal with figures and money on paper.

3.The quality of the goods is to be in strict conformity with the technical data of the manufacturing plant.

4.A manager ought to make careful decisions.

IV. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2 и 3 абзацы текста.

TRADE POLICY

1.The British Government has always attached great importance to the rounds of GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) talks. The European Community acts for Britain and the other member states in international trade negotiations.

2.The Government welcomes outward and inward investment. Inward investment is promoted by its Invest in Britain Bureau as a means of introducing new technology, products and management styles; creating employment; and increasing exports and substituting imports. Every year inflow of direct and portfolio investment is more than in the previous year. Outward investment helps to develop markets for British exports while providing earnings in the form of interest, profits and dividends.

3.The Governments assists exporters by creating favorable conditions and by providing practical help, advice and financial support. British Invisibles, financed mainly by the private sector, promotes invisible trade. ECGD (Export Credit Guarantee Department), a government department, specializes in making available insurance for British exporters of capital goods sold on short-term credit, allowing exporters to overcome many of the risks in selling overseas.

V. Прочитайте текст и письменно ответьте на следующий вопрос:

What organization acts for Britain and the other member states in international trade negotiations?

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