Will – Would

Will / Would expresses:

· requests Will / Would / Can / Could you …? We use these structures when we ask somebody else to do something for us. Would and could are more polite than can and will. E.g. Will / Can you hold the plate for me, please? – Of course.

Compare the following examples:

E.g. Can / Will you post this letter? (informal, less polite than could or would)

Could/would you post this letter? (more polite than can or will)

We often reply with: ‘Yes, I’d (would) be happy / glad to.’ or ‘Certainly.’

E.g. ‘Can you call Jack for me?’ – ‘Certainly.’

Should – Ought to

Should/Ought to expresses:

· advice: should/ought to = I advise you to / you had better do smth. e.g. You should/ought to be more careful.

Must expresses strong advice. Compare: You should talk to your lawyer. (= It would be a good idea to…)You must talk to your lawyer. (= I strongly advise you to…)

· criticism: ought to/ should + perfect infinitive = It would have been better if you had…

We use these structures to show that somebody did the wrong thing in the past. e.g. You all should / ought to have tried harder. (…but you didn’t.)

16. Fill in shall or will.

1. _____ I help you with the washing-up? 2. _______ we have pizza for dinner tonight? 3. _____ you carry this for me, please? 4. What ______ we buy for Bob’s birthday? 5. _____ you answer the phone, please? 6. Where _____ we sit in the classroom? 7. ______ you take the rubbish out for me? 8. _____ we have a barbecue next weekend?

17. Read the situation and complete the sentences with should / shouldn’t, ought to /oughtn’t to and the correct form of the infinitive.

1. Your friend didn’t see a film on TV last night. You saw it and it was very good. You __________________ (see) the film. 2. Liz bought an expensive jacket yesterday and now she hasn’t got enough money for the rest of the week. She _______________(buy) such an expensive jacket. 3. Your sister eats a lot of junk food which is bad for her health. You ______________(eat) so much junk food. 4. Mr Jackson had a stiff back. He lifted some heavy boxes and now his back is worse. He _______________ (lift) those heavy boxes. 5. Tony always drives too fast. Yesterday, he was arrested for speeding. He ______________ (drive) more slowly. 6. Sally is clumsy. She is always breaking things. She ___________ (be) more careful. 7. Paul didn’t do his homework. The teacher punished him. He _____________ (do) his homework. 8. Amy borrowed her brother’s car without asking. He was very angry. She ____________ (borrow) his car without asking.

18. Translate into English.

1. Гаряче. Відчинити вікно? 2. Вам треба більше ходити пішки. 3. Повторіть це ще раз. 4. Вам зробити каву? 4. Нам треба більш піклуватися про довкілля. 5. Вам слід проконсультуватися з вашим адвокатом. 6. Не треба було тобі заперечувати. 7. Підемо кудись пообідаємо сьогодні? 8. Ви не скажете, котра зараз година? 9. Вам слід було прийти раніше. 10. Ви повинні були повернути книгу минулого тижня. Чому ви не зробили це? 11. Ви б не допомогли мені? – Так, звісно. 12. Чим я можу допомогти вам?

19. Rephrase the following sentences using the modal verbs or their equivalents.

1. You bad better book your flight early. _______________________________________

2. Would you like me to draw the curtains for you? _______________________________

3. Why don’t we go to a Japanese restaurant for a change? __________________________

4. I strongly advise you to see a lawyer as soon as possible. _________________________

5. Can you call Greg for me, please? ___________________________________________

6. You ought to have checked the battery before you left. ___________________________

7. Everybody is obliged to pay taxes. ___________________________________________

8. You don’t need to go to the market today. _____________________________________

9. It wasn’t necessary for Betty to call a taxi because I gave her a lift. _________________

10. They managed to get to the theatre in time, despite the heavy traffic. _________________________________________________________________________

11. You aren’t allowed to keep pets in the building. ________________________________

12. Do you mind if I take the rest of the day off. ___________________________________

13. I advise you to buy this book. _______________________________________________

14. It isn’t necessary for him to take the exam again. ________________________________

15. I’m sure Terry isn’t here. ___________________________________________________

16. You are not allowed to eat and drink in the classrooms. ___________________________

17. We are obliged to clock in and out every day. ___________________________________

18. I’m sure the boys weren’t upset with the results. _________________________________

19. Would you like me to do anything to help. _____________________________________

20. Perhaps we will go for a picnic on Sunday afternoon. _____________________________

21. Sam managed to reach the top of the mountain after climbing for several hours. ___________________________________________________________________________

20. How about throwing a party on the birthday?____________________________________

20. Choose the correct answer.

1. You … be late for work.

a) needn’t; b) must; c) mustn’t

2. Jim … lose some weight. His doctor said so.

a) must; b) can; c) has to

3. I …. go to the bank today. I have enough money.

a) needn’t; b) mustn’t; c) have to

4. I didn’t deliver the parcel, because I … find the house.

a) can; b) could; c) couldn’t

5. I … clean the house today. It’s dirty.

a) needn’t; b) need; c) must

6. I … feed the dog. My brother did it.

a) didn’t need to; b) needn’t have; c) need

7. I … open the window. It’s stuck.

a) could; b) am able to; c) can’t

8. I … swim when I was I child.

a) can; b) had to; c) could

9. … I borrow your umbrella?

a) Need; b) Can; c) Ought

10. Tom is very gifted. He … speak French, German and Italian.

a) can’t; b) must; c) can

11. You … to study hard for your exam.

a) need; b) might; c) shall

12. Tom isn’t at work, so he … be at the library.

a) must; b) can’t; c) can

13. … we have dinner at a restaurant?

a) will; b) ought; c) shall

14. Sorry. I’ve broken the cup. – You … be more careful.

a) should; b) may; c) might

15. Where’s your father. – He … be in the garage.

a) can; b) might; c) mustn’t

16. What time … I pick you up from work?

a) would; b) will; c) shall

17. We … phone Ann. It’s her birthday today.

a) needn’t; b) ought to; c) are able to

18. No reporters … approach the scene of the accident.

a) might have; b) were allowed to; c) needn’t

19. … I help you, Madam?

a) Would; b) Must; c) May

20. It’s five o’clock. I … to be here by now.

a) must; b) ought; c) needn’t

UNIT 5

Дата добавления: 2015-08-18