Упр. 19. Переведите на английский язык.

а)

1. Отделка станков не была улучшена, не так ли?

-Нет, была. Это было сделано в прошлом году.

2. Машины не соответствуют спецификации, не так ли?

- Да, не соответствуют. Нам придётся отослать их обратно.

3. Они не хотят рекламировать свой товар, не так ли?

- Нет, хотят. Они уже начали рекламную кампанию.

4. Претензия не была урегулирована фирмами, не правда ли?

- Да, не была. Она будет передана в арбитраж.

5. Вы не получали жалобу от фирмы, не так ли? - Нет, получали. Мы уже

рассмотрели её.

б)

1. В таком виде претензия гораздо лучше обоснована.

2. Жалобы стали возникать гораздо чаще.

3. Это нарушение в действительности было гораздо более серьезным.

4. Урегулирование спора заняло гораздо больше времени, чем мы предполагали.

5. Требуемая компенсация была намного выше, чем показали наши расчёты. 6. Убытки составили большую сумму.

7. Производительная мощность первой поставленной машины оказалась значительно ниже, чем было предусмотрено контрактом.

8. Мы предъявили фирме претензию на сумму … в связи с задержкой поставки.

9. Вы должны возместить нам наши убытки, вызванные несоответствующей упаковкой.

10. Мы считаем, что вы нарушили пункт контракта в отношении платежа.

11. Отсрочка платежа не должна превышать неделю.

12. Продавец отказался принять претензию.

13. Наши клиенты жалуются на качество машин, поставленных по контракту № 2.

14. К сожалению, мы вынуждены напомнить вам о недопоставке 1000 тонн сырья.

в)

Господа,

Подтверждаем получение Вашего письма от 15 ноября, в котором Вы отказываетесь уплатить нам согласованные и заранее оцененные убытки в сумме … фунтов стерлингов в связи с задержкой в поставке оборудования по контракту № 25.

В Вашем письме вы указываете на то, что часть оборудования была поставлена Вами 20 июня, т.е. в срок, оговоренный в контракте, и что пункт о заранее оцененных убытках не имеет силы в отношении этих товаров.

Как мы уже сообщали Вам в нашем письме от 15 сентября, часть оборудования, поставленная Вами 20 июня, не могла быть использована нашими клиентами ввиду недопоставки других частей, необходимых для

работы всей установки. Исходя из этого, мы считаем, что Вы должны компенсировать убытки, которые наши клиенты несут по Вашей вине.

Поскольку Вы отказываетесь признать нашу претензию обоснованной, мы вынуждены передать наш спор на разрешение Внешнеторговой арбитражной комиссии при Торгово-промышленной палате в Москве в соответствии с пунктом 17 общих условий запродажи.

UNIT IV

Subject for Study: Further Business Contacts and their Development. Packing and Marking (Контракты и их исполнение. Упаковка и маркировка)

Упр.1 Прочитайте и запомните слова. Найдите предложения с данными словами в тексте и переведите их.

improper (packing) - некачественная (упаковка)

external - внешний

internal - внутренний

to protect - защищать

the advertising function - функция рекламы

similar - сходный

indelible - несмываемый

Упр. 2. Прочитайте и переведите интернациональные слова (термины). Найдите в тексте предложения с этими словами и выпишите их.

Qualifications, function, factor, mark, producer, technical, economic, informational, distributional, ergonomic, product, design, marking.

Packing Functions.

Packing goods for export is a highly specialized job. If the goods are improperly, the carrier will refuse to accept them, or will make qualifications about the unsatisfactory condition of packing in the Bill of Lading.

Packing can be external (crate, bag) and internal (box, packet, flask, etc.), in which the goods are sold.

In case of consumer goods packing has a double function. On the one hand, it is for protection. On the other hand, it serves to advertise a product and attract a customer.

In recent years the role of packaging has been changing. From serving as a simple protection for goods and a trade-mark, it has become the most important sales factor. Now it is rightly called a “silent salesman”. It is also a business card of a product and an essential link in the marketing chain which connects the producers and the consumers.

Nowadays the functions of packaging are more specified. Some of them are traditional, basic and the others are newly created. These specified functions are:

- technical, as the construction forms and materials of packages are adapted to the goods and their consumption and are used for their protection;

- economic, the relations between the cost of packaging and the cost of the product, as well as the cost of storage;

- informational, informing about the product and its use;

- distributional, helping to bring and to store the product;

- aesthetic, making the packages beautiful and accepted by consumers;

- ergonomic, making it harmless to the environment;

- educative, all “new” about the product can be known from the packaging.

These functions create the advertising function of packaging which is of primary importance for the sale of the product. From the advertising point of view we can say that the packaging is “the face of the product”. The consumer recognizes “his” product by the color, shape and design of packaging. So it is really important that the packaging can be immediately noticed and recognized among many similar products.

Marking should be made in indelible paint with recognized marks.

Упр. 3. Расскажите, что Вы узнали о:

a) two main functions of packing;

b) the specified functions of packing;

c) the most important function.

Упр. 4. Ответьте на вопросы

1. Why is packing goods for export a highly specialized job?

2. Why has the role of packing changed lately?

3. Which of the newly created functions of packing do you think to be the most important?

Упр. 5. Прочитайте текст. Закончите его, вставив недостающие слова

(из тех, что даны в конце текста).

(an extract from a contract)

3.1.The equipment and spare parts are to be shipped in export … … meeting

the requirements of each particular type of equipment.

3.2.The packing is … full safety of the goods from any kind of damage and

corrosion during transportation by sea, railway and combined transport. The

packing shall be … for loading by crane, by autocars, by trucks and

manually in so far as the weight and volume of individual packages allow.

Before packing, the equipment is to be protected with anti-corrosive … to

protect it from any … and corrosion in transit and to ensure …. during hot

summer and cold winter (to minus 40,C).

3.3.The Seller shall be responsible for any damage or breakage of the goods that

may … … by poor packing or for corrosion which may appear … …

improper or insufficient coating.

(storage, sea packing, suitable, to secure, be caused, due to, coating, damage)

Упр. 6. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Ответьте на вопросы.

What’s the main idea of the text?

a) Which function of packaging is described here?

b) Is colour of packaging important when customers choose goods?

c) How would you entitle the text?

From a certain point of view we can say that the packaging gives a product a personality. It is the “face of the product”. The consumer recognizes his product by colour, shape and design of packaging. So it is really important that the packaging can be immediately noticed and recognized among many other similar products. The packaging has to push consumers to repeat a purchase and remain faithful to “his” brand. The consumer buys “his” items by habit because it saves time, money, and avoids the risk of making a bad choice.

Preferences also depend on the character and the temperament as well as on individual associations with some colours. These personal preferences can’t but be considered when planning the colour of packaging.

We know however examples when only change of colour gives the significant commercial success. A good example is changing basic colour of Marlboro cigarette packaging. When the sales constantly fell the company agreed that the white packaging no longer corresponded with consumers’ tastes. A new white-red packaging was created and the success was immediate.

Applied psychology and sociology, the study of the consumer’s behavior, market research and the analysis of a product can help to design the most suitable packaging. But an average consumer often makes his choice unconsciously and spontaneously, comparing a product and its packaging to the others on the shop shelf. So, to get to know the real value of a packaging we have to compare it to the others, being on the market, from the consumer’s point of view.

UNIT V

Subject for Study: Further Business Contacts and their Development. Contracts and their Fulfillment. Force Majeure (Контракты и их исполнение.Форс-мажорные обстоятельства)

Упр.1. Прочитайте и запомните слова. Найдите предложения с данными словами в тексте и переведите их.

Non-execution - неисполнение

Disaster - стихийное бедствие

Contingency - непредвиденное обстоятельство

To notify - уведомить

To deny the right - отказать в праве

To take immediate actions - предпринять незамедлительные действия

To prove - доказывать

To guarantee - гарантировать

To submit the confirmation - представить подтверждение

Partial fulfillment - частичное выполнение

To eliminate - устранить

To cancel - отменить (условия контракта)

To claim compensation - требовать компенсации

To testify - свидетельствовать

Non-execution of the Contract as a Result of a Contingency.

(Force Majeure)

Every contract has a force majeure clause. It usually includes natural disasters such as an earthquake, flood, fire, etc. It can list such contingencies as war, embargo, sanctions and other circumstances which are beyond the Seller’s control (a national strike in the country, a shortage of the energy supply). When negotiating a contract a list of contingencies must be agreed on and put into the Contract.

In case of a contingency the Seller must notify the Buyer of a force majeure right away or he may be denied the right to refer to these circumstances. If it is done in due time the Buyer may take immediate action to protect his interest. He may sign a contract with another supplier on similar terms or may secure the best suitable terms he can have at the moment.

A force majeure must be a proven fact. The Seller is to submit to the Buyer a written confirmation issued by the Chamber of Commerce to this effect. The certificate testifies that a contingency really took place. It describes the nature and the duration of a contingency.

In a dispute between the Seller and the Buyer not only the fact of a contingency is to be confirmed. The Seller must have evidence that non-execution of a contract or its partial fulfillment is a direct result of a contingency. If it is proved the Seller is not liable and the execution of a contract is postponed until the after-effects causing damage are eliminated. A natural disaster may last only a few minutes but it’ll take a long time to recover the loss.

The duration of a force majeure is, as a rule, 4 or 6 months. After that the Buyer has a right to cancel the contract. The Seller in this case has no right to claim any compensation for his losses.

Упр. 2. Расскажите, что вы узнали о:

- the nature of a force majeure;

- the actions of the parties in case of a contingency;

- the liabilities of the parties;

- the necessity of written confirmation of a contingency.

Упр. 3. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. Why is a force majeure clause obligatory when a contract is made? Is the other party to be notified of a contingency right away? Why?

3. What can be considered the confirmation of a contingency?

4. Who suffers mostly in case of a contingency?

Упр. 4. Прочитайте текст. Закончите его, вставив недостающие слова (из тех, что даны в конце текста).

(an extract from the contract)

8.1. The Parties will be released from their responsibility for partial or complete non-execution of their liabilities under the Contract should this … be caused by the force majeure circumstances, namely: fire, flood, earthquake, and if these circumstances have a direct … effect on the execution of the present Contract.

8.2 The Party which is unable to fulfill its obligations under the Contract is to inform the other Party within 3 days regarding the occurrence and cessation of the above …. Certificates … by the Chamber of Commerce of the Sellers’ or the Buyers’ country respectively will be the proof of existence and duration of such circumstances.

8.2. Should the duration of the above circumstances exceed 3 months, each Party will have the right to refuse from further … of its obligations under the Contract and in this case neither Party will have the right … any compensation of the losses incurred by it from the other Party. The Sellers must immediately … all the amounts paid by the Buyers under the present Contract plus per cent per annum.

(issued, damaging, circumstances, fulfillment, to demand, non-execution, reimburse)

UNIT VI

Subject for Study: Further Business Contacts and their Development. Insurance. (Контракты и их исполнение. Страхование товара)

Упр.1 Прочитайте и запомните слова. Найдите предложения с данными словами в тексте и переведите их.

To be subject - быть подверженным

To ensure - страховать

For the full value - на полную стоимость

To destroy - уничтожить

Warehouse - склад

Against all risks - от всех рисков

Premium - страховой взнос

Underwriter - страховщик

Insurance company - страховая компания

Insurance policy - страховой полис

Упр. 2. Прочитайте и пeреведите интернациональные слова. Найдите в тексте предложения с ними и выпишите их.

Risk, protection, accident, idea, catastrophe, project, element, transit, sum, compensation, policy, guarantee, company, detail, document.

Дата добавления: 2015-07-26