Developing vocabulary

1. Practise reading the following words aloud; iIn case of difficulties consult a dictionary.

Entrepreneur, entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial, priority, familiarity, employer, employee, franchise, franchisor, franchisee.

2. Complete the following table.

Verb	Noun	Adjective
own	owner/ownership	-
	risk
dream
		creative
		strong
weaken
familiarize
will
		successful

3.a) Form nouns using one of the following patterns a+-(i)ty à n, a+-ness à n; make the necessary adjustments in the words; give their Russian equivalents; the first has been done for you:

able à ability – способность; weak à weakness - слабость

Able, weak, (im)possible, aware, necessary, familiar, willing, clear, formal, prior, real, creative, personal, busy, certain, effective, difficult.

b) Use some of these words either as an adjective or as a noun in the following sentences; the initial letter of the word is given as a prompt:

1. There is a strong p……. that they win the next election.

2. When starting your own business you should be a……. of all possible risks.

3. Applicants should demonstrate a f……. with bookkeeping.

4. You need e……. communication within the organization.

5. The boss shouldn’t be disturbed unless it is absolutely n……...

6. We were impressed by his w……. to listen and learn.

7. Success is by no means c……..

8. Just try to do the job to the best of you’re a……..

9. The loss puts our company in financial d…….

10. I’ll keep Thursday afternoon c……. in case we need to meet.

11. We went through usual f……… at customs and passport control.

12. She resigned from her job for p……. reasons.

13. We offer people the opportunity to be c……..

4. Form agent nouns from the following verbs (nouns) according to the given pattern, work out the Russian equivalents of the resulting nouns.

employ

employ er employ ee

one who employs one who is employed

работодатель, наниматель работающий по найму

train, pay, franchise, mortgage, trust

5. Form agent nouns (names of people or things) by adding –er to a phrase; give the Russian equivalents of the resulting nouns.

to own a business +-er à a business owner – владелец бизнеса; to process words – a word-processor – текстовый процессор (программа и компьютер для набора и обработки текстов)

take a risk, make decisions, produce cars, to rise early, to write textbooks, throw flame, get attention, break ice, do wrong (things), pinch pence, kill pain, bust stress, tell stories, hold shares, seek a job, raise money, supply energy, provide the Internet (services).

6. Match the synonyms. 7. Match the opposites.

1. found	a. sponsor	1. accept	a. disable
2. difficulty	b. opportunity	2. succeed	b. borrower
3. effective	c. own	3. strength	c. disinterested
4. goal	d. hardship	4. reasonable	d. refuse
5. chance	e. assistance	5. enable	e. ineffective
6. possess	f. aim	6. interested	f. fail
7. trait	g. intelligent	7. lender	g. unreasonable
8. clever	h. efficient	8. effective	h. weakness
9. backer	i. set up
10. aid	j. feature

8. Form word partnerships (more than one option is possible) and use them in the sentences of your own.

pursue assume recognize own make establish set cut grant

an opportunity a company a risk a dream a budget priorities goals a loan a profit

9. Sort out the following verbs and idioms denoting a degree of success in business under three headings:

Success	Survival	Failure

Boom; succeed; fail; breakeven; go bust; be in debt; prosper; lose count of millions; make a considerable profit; keep/stay afloat; thrive; sink; be a success; be a failure; survive; reach a break-even point; keep one’s head above water; flourish; be a flop; get a business off the ground.

10. Complete the sentences with appropriate prepositions.

1. He is a great expert … international management.

2. This book of tips for entrepreneurs was published in association … the Small Business Administration.

3. Could I interest you … something from our range of beauty products?

4. We have dealt … the company for years.

5. To make the right decision we need to look carefully … all options.

6. The project’s success depends … the support of everyone concerned.

7. They supplied us … our opening stock of clothes … credit and agreed to wait … their money.

8. Are you fully aware … all the difficulties that you'll have to overcome?

9. We only deal … companies which have a good credit record.

10. All successful entrepreneurs share a number … common traits.

11. Match the following phrasal verbs with their meanings; in case of difficulty consult a dictionary:

1. get something lined up 2. run out of sth 3. run down 4. set up 5. make up one's mind 6. take charge of 7. keep going 8. put oneself out 9. get going 10. stick to sth 11 get along with sb 12 see things through

a. take responsibility for controlling or caring for sth b. start doing something c. continue to do one particular thing and not to change it or stop it; continue to follow a particular path d. try hard, do one's best even if it causes problems for you e. continue doing sth f. organize or prepare things g. establish or arrange h. like each other and be friendly to each other i. to use all of sth and not have any left j. lose power; get exhausted k. continue doing something until it is finished, especially something unpleasant or difficult l. make a decision

12. Translate the following sentences into Russian with a focus on phrasal verbs.

1. She really put herself out to get everything ready for us.

2. I think we should stick to our original plan.

3. Since he took his extra job he's really run himself down.

4. My doctor said I was looking run-down and ought to take some time to rest.

5. I can't make up my mind whether to buy it or not.

6. Many hospitals are running out of money.

7. They got a series of activities lined up to keep their business partner entertained.

8. A committee has been set up to organize social events in the college.

9. The boss asked him to take charge of the office for a few days while she was away.

10. I get along well with most of my colleagues.

11. Don't give up; keep going.

12. Having come this far, we were determined to see things through.

13. Complete the sentences with the words given using them as either countable or uncountable nouns; make the necessary form adjustments – mind the number of the noun and the article). Translate the sentences into Russian.

1) business

a. She’s finished college and now she works in ….

b. The two brothers started up (…) clothes retailing ….

c. If the introductions are over I’d like to get down to …

d. Many small … fail in the first year.

e. Are you here for … or pleasure?

f. Those were the years of private enterprise, when lots of small … were started.

g. Mathew’s little shop has turned into (…) thriving ….

h. Our firm does a lot of … with overseas customers.

i. I have a hobby out of which I think I could make ….

j. Most small … go through a period of time before they break even, and considerably more time before they make a profit.

k. It was a mistake to go into … with my brother.

2 ) venture

a. There are many joint … between American and Japanese companies.

b. They’ll need to raise £1 million in … capital if they’re to get the business off the ground.

c. I don’t think he will obtain another loan because all his previous … failed.

3) enterprise

a. Euro Disney is (…) much smaller … than its American counterparts.

b. The country needs a government that works to encourage free ….

c. They’re involved in (…) exciting scientific ….

d. We need someone with … and imagination to design a marketing strategy.

e. Don’t forget this is (…) commercial … – we’re here to make money.

f. Margaret Thatcher often talked about the benefits of private … and said that her achievement was to establish an … economy in Britain.

g. State-owned … account for 90% of the country’s output.

14. Render the following excerpt from the Russian translation of N.C. Stropolis’ book Small Business Management back into English; use the topical vocabulary.

Как правило, предпринимателям больше всего нравится получать психологическое удовлетворение от того, что они являются хозяевами своей компании, особенно, если это чувство подкрепляется уважением со стороны друзей и родственников.

В финансовом отношении удачливые предприниматели не станут копить деньги или заниматься ценными бумагами, а скорее всего будут вкладывать прибыль в свое предприятие для обеспечения его роста. Они нередко более заинтересованы в расширении дела, чем в получении высокой зарплаты.

В этом заключаются основные вознаграждения от занятия предпринимательской деятельностью. А как обстоит дело с опасностями? Создание нового предприятия всегда связано с определенным риском неудачи. Абсолютно надежного вложения капитала не бывает. Как правило, чем рискованнее предприятие, тем выше потенциальная прибыль. Если предприниматель добивается успеха, прибыли могут быть высокими; если нет - можно потерять все свои сбережения. Для некоторых людей неудача является трагедией; для других – это возможность начать дело заново. Генри Форд, например, дважды терпел неудачу, прежде чем создал «Форд мотор компани». Многие не могут перенести неудачу; она разрушает их «Я», ослабляет волю и энергию. Общество в целом также несет потери при каждой личной неудаче.

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