Sources of water pollution

Matters which draw violation of water quality are named pollutants. Next to physical and chemical pollutants, thermal and microbial water pollution takes a place.

Flow waters of boiler rooms contain softeners, products of corrosion. A presence of butters, oil on the water surface worsens exchange processes, reduces maintenance of oxygen in water which results the fishes death. 1L of oils contaminates to 12 of water reservoir surface. If maintenance of mineral oil makes up over 200 , the zoological equilibrium of water objects is violated. Synthetic superficial active matters perniciously influence on phytoplankton development.

Lead, mercury, cadmium, nickel, zinc, manganese, getting in water, do it toxic, that results not only in death of zooplankton but also harms health of people. Sewages of galvanic areas by maintenance of metals exceed in 2000...5000 one times. Pesticides, which get in water at processing of forest plants, gardens, vegetable gardens, negatively influence on living organisms and people which consume such water. building of bridges and other buildings on the rivers inflicts large harm to water objects.

Economic-domestic flows result to biological water pollution what can cause intestinal-gastric diseases (cholera, typhus) and diseases of liver (hepatitis). Too dangerous are the water states of points of linen and overalls sanitary treatment, flows from hospitals, domestic flows, which getting in water, can cause various intestinal worm diseases (ascaridiasis, echinococcus and others like that). Organic contaminations often result to the not supposed processes − joint oxygen in water, death of living organisms and phytoplankton. Surpluses of phosphorus and nitrogen in water result to its flowering and violation of biological equilibrium in reservoirs (table 3.2).

Table 3.2 − Consequences of muddy water use by a person

Character of water use	Pollutant	Deseases
Biological
Drinking and eating	Pathogenic bacteria	Cholera, dysentery, typhoid, gastroenteritis, leptospirosis, rabbit-fever
Virus	Infectious hepatitis
Parasites	Amoeba dysentery, drankunkulez, helminthiasis, strongyloidiasis
Washing and laundering in water	Parasites	Shestosomiaziz, dermatitis, strongyloidiasis
Dwelling or stay is near water	Through insect vector	Malaria, yellow fever, sleeping-sickness, filariasis
Chemical
Drinking and eating	Nitrates	Metahewettite
Connections of fluorine	Endemic
Arsenic	Intoxication
Selenium	Selenomethionine, intoxication
Lead	Intoxication
Polycyclic aromatic carbohydrates	Cancer
Too much soft water	Atherosclerosis, hypertension
Chromium	Kashin-Bek disease
Nickel	Allergy of skin, destruction of eye cornea
Copper	Defeat of the nervous system
Phenol	Poisoning

Radio-active matters, getting in water, predetermine its ionization which unfavorably influences on development of living organisms. Moreover, phytoplankton and fishes is able to master plenty of radio-active matters and accumulate them in the organism. A consumption of such fish is dangerous for people health.

Water objects with the possible pollution degree can be utilized for all types of water use without limitations, with the moderate pollution degree are utilized only for cultural and welfare water use, with the high pollution degree are dangerous for any kind of water consumption. Water objecta with the extraordinarily high pollution degree are useless for all kinds of water consumption.

A degree of ecological safety of water objects can be expressed by a formula

where − actual indexes value of water quality;

− rationed indexes values of water quality.

Дата добавления: 2015-10-31