Rational use and guard of water resources

ANTHROPOGENIC WATER POLLUTION AND ITS CLEARING METHODS

Work purpose

Conducting of water pollution monitoring. To acquaint with the sewage cleaning methods. Acquisition of skills concerning methodical calculations.

Key positions

Rational use and guard of water resources

Problem of the proper amount and water quality providing is one of most essential and has a global value. Even B.C. Aristotle pointed out necessity of rational clean water consumption and separation it from that which is utilized for economic necessities.

The state of 2/3 water sources by water quality does not meet normative requirements. Because of low-quality water use morbidity of people grew in 4-5 times. Politicians more frequently talk about possibility of ecological wars for water in the row of countries.

Water is utilized for machines and mechanisms cooling, technological processes functioning and constituent of produced products. Water consumption specific norms for one ton production of finished products make, : cast iron − 160...200; steel − 150; rolled metal − 10...15; nickel − 4000; copper − 500; synthetic rubber − 2000…3500; paper − 400...800; plastics − 500...1000.

Thermal and atomic power-stations consume a large water volume. It is spent 1,2... 1,6 of water on 1 million kW powers of the thermal annually, and atomic station − in 1,5...2 times greater. There is a permanent water rotation, which provides water evaporation and transpiration by plants, by precipitation in nature. Water cycle speed is characterized by such information, years: World ocean − 2500 (mixing − 63); underground water − 400; lakes water − 17; bogs water − 5. In rivers water cycle takes place for few days, and in the organism of person − for few hours.

In the circulation process water transports warmth, dissolves and carries natural elements, destroys and converts lithosphere, takes part in meteorological and hydrological processes, is the environment of water organism existence which product considerable part of oxygen. If necessary terms are provided amount and quality of water recommence. However development of industry, transport, agriculture, urbanization, resulted in natural reservoirs are not able to self-purify, that’s why artificial mechanisms are needed for water clearing.

Reservoirs are characterized by mirror area, length, depth, volume and water expense, flow speed and water level, its temperature, harmful conditions duration and water cycle periods conditions (freezing-up, flow absence and others), water cycle indexes, soils filter properties.

Depending on water pollution measure objects are admissible, moderate, high and extraordinarily high pollution degrees (table 3.1). It should be taken into account during water consumption organization.

Дата добавления: 2015-10-31