Pre-reading task. Give the Russian equivalents:

Give the Russian equivalents:

electrocardiogram, the Nobel Prize in Medicine, the Dutch East Indies, the Netherlands, the University of Utrecht, Einthoven's triangle, Reformed Church.

5.2. Words and word combinations to be remembered:

1. physiologist	физиолог
2. to settle	селиться
3. to receive a medical degree	получить медицинскую степень
4. beating of the heart	сердцебиение
5.accurately	точно
6. to measure	мерить
7. phenomenon	феномен, явление
8. string galvanometer	струнный гальванометр
9.thin filament	тонкая нить
10. conductive wire	монтажный провод
11. to cause	вызывать
12. to move	двигаться
13. to cast a shadow	бросать тень
14.continuous	непрерывный
15.curve	кривая
16. to require	требовать
17. to weigh	весить
18. lb	фунт
19. insulation	изоляция
20. flesh and bones	мясо и кости
21. portable	переносной
22. technological advances	технический прогресс
23. assignment	распределение, выделение
24. deflection	отклонение
25. to refer	касаться
26. imaginary	воображаемый
27. to invert	опрокидывать,перевёртывать, переворачивать
28. equilateral triangle	равносторонний треугольник
29. cardiovascular disorders	сердечно - сосудистые заболевания
30. particularly	очень, чрезвычайно
31. PhD (Doctor of Philosophy)	доктор философии (учёная степень; примерно соответствует степени кандидата наук в РФ; присваивается магистру как гуманитарных, так и естественных наук)
32. graveyard	кладбище

5.3. Read and translate the text:

Willem Einthoven was a Dutch doctor and physiologist. He invented the first practical electrocardiogram (EKG) in 1903 and received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1924 for it.

Einthoven was born in 1860 in Semarang on Java in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia). His father, a doctor, died when Einthoven was a child. His mother returned to the Netherlands with her children in 1870 and settled in Utrecht. In 1885, Einthoven received a medical degree from the University of Utrecht. He became a professor at the University of Leiden in 1886.

Before Einthoven's time, it was known that the beating of the heart produced electrical currents, but the instruments of the time could not accurately measure this phenomenon without placing electrodes directly on the heart. Beginning in 1901, Einthoven completed a series of prototypes of a string galvanometer. This device used a very thin filament of conductive wire passing between very strong electromagnets. When a current passed through the filament, the electromagnetic field would cause the string to move. A light shining on the string would cast a shadow on a moving roll of photographic paper, thus forming a continuous curve showing the movement of the string. The original machine required water cooling for the powerful electromagnets, required 5 people to operate it and weighed some 600 lb. This device increased the sensitivity of the standard galvanometer so that the electrical activity of the heart could be measured despite the insulation of flesh and bones.

Although later technological advances brought about better and more portable EKG devices, much of the terminology used in describing an EKG originated with Einthoven. His assignment of the letters P, Q, R, S and T to the various deflections is still used. The term Einthoven's triangle is named for him. It refers to the imaginary inverted equilateral triangle centered on the chest and the points being the standard leads on the arms and leg.

After his development of the string galvanometer, Einthoven went on to describe the electrocardiographic features of a number of cardiovascular disorders. Later in life, Einthoven turned his attention to the study of acoustics, particularly heart sounds which he researched with PhD.

He died in Leiden in the Netherlands and is buried in the graveyard of the Reformed Church in Oegstgeest.

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