Fig. 7. Raymond Damadian and his invention

Pre-questions:

Do you know the name of Damadian? What is he famous for?

4.1. Pre-reading task:

Give the Russian equivalents:

Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Magnetic Resonance Scanning Machine, Health Science Center, nuclear magnetic resonance, FONAR Corporation, MRI scanner, the Leslie Munzer Neurological Institute of Long Island.

4.2. Words and word combinations to be remembered:

1. to earn the bachelor’s degree	получить степень бакалавра
2. curiosity	любознательность
3. passion for science	страсть к науке
4. to lead to (led, led)	приводить к (каким-л. результатам); быть причиной (чего-л.)
5. Magnetic Resonance Scanning Machine	томограф
6. diagnostic tool	диагностическое оборудование
7. to emit	излучать
8. body's cells	клетки тела
9.to enable	делать возможным
10. non-invasive mapping	неинвазивное отображение
11. human body	человеческое тело
12. meticulous	тщательный, основательный
13. detail	деталь, подробность
14. successfully	успешно
15. to map	отображать
16. potassium	калий
17. deposits	отложения
18. to prompt	побуждать, толкать
19. nuclear	ядерный
20. potential applications	возможные применения
21. to realize	представлять, осознавать
22.to spark	воспламенять, зажигать; вызывать
23. unprecedented	беспрецедентный
24. inspired by smth./smb.	вдохновленный кем-л., чем-л.
25. breast cancer	рак молочной железы
26. goal	задача, цель
27. tissue	ткань, материя
28. disease	болезнь
29. arduous	трудный, тяжелый
30.to entail	влечь за собой, вызывать (что-л.)
31. to fit	умещаться
32. thin	худой
33. to undergo	подвергаться
34. patent infringement	нарушение патентного права
35. ardent	горячий, пылкий
36. advocate	защитник

4.3. Read and translate the text:

Raymond Damadian was born 1936 in New York in an Armenian family. He earned his bachelors degree in mathematics from the University of Wisconsin - Madison in 1956, and a master degree from the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York City in 1960.

Raymond Damadian's intense curiosity and passion for science led him to develop the first MR (Magnetic Resonance) Scanning Machine - one of the most useful diagnostic tools of our time. MR scanners use radio signals emitted from the body's cells to enable a non-invasive mapping of the human body in meticulous detail.

As a professor at the State University of New York Health Science Center in Brooklyn, Damadian and a colleague successfully mapped potassium deposits using a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) device. This prompted Damadian to think of potential applications for NMR technology in medicine. He realized that if you could ever get this technology to provide the chemistry of the human body…you could spark an unprecedented revolution in medicine. Inspired by his grandmother who died from breast cancer, Damadian's goal was to develop a device to x-ray the tissues of the human body and detect disease.

With help from his graduate assistants, Damadian completed the first MR scanner in 1977, named Indomitable, because of the seven years of arduous work it entailed. Since Damadian was too big to fit in the device, his thinner assistant Larry Minkoff, underwent the first human scan by Indomitable on July 2, 1977. Damadian obtained a patent for his design in 1974 and established the FONAR Corporation in 1978, which introduced the first commercial MRI scanner in 1980.

Damadian has received over 45 patents (some co-invented) for improvements to his MRI scanner. Among his innovations are a full-sized MRI operating room that allows unrestricted patient access and can fit a surgical team and equipment, and the Stand-Up MRI™ the only scanner capable of scanning patients while standing. Though FONAR has faced opposition from competitors throughout the years, Damadian has persistently fought patent infringement, and as a result, continues to be an ardent advocate of the independent inventors.

For his pioneering work in magnetic resonance scanning technology, Raymond Damadian was awarded the Lemelson-MIT Program's⁵ Lifetime Achievement Award in 2001.

In April 2008, Damadian was presented with the Caring Award by the Leslie Munzer Neurological Institute of Long Island⁶ (LMNI) for his invention of the MRI and his current work at FONAR.

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