Medical curative institutions in Russia.

There is a great variety of types of medical institutions to protect the health of people in Russia. The most wide spread types of them are hospitals, polyclinics and dispensaries.

Polyclinics are medical institutions that provide treatment by doctors of various specialities, follow-up services for chronic patients, diagnostics of diseases, therapy and prophylaxis. They are centres of curative and prophylactic work for a definite administrative part of any town or city.

Every polyclinic has different specialists: therapeutists, surgeon, otolaryngologist, oculist, dermatologist and others. The out-patient clinics work from 8 a.m. to 7 p.m.. Specialists and district doctors see patients in consulting rooms during reception hours. After the reception hours district doctors also pay calls.

The out-patient departments have registry, consulting rooms, chemical laboratories, X-ray and physiotherapy sections, rooms for functional diagnostics and dressing.

Hospitals are curative institutions whose primary function is to provide in-patient services, diagnostic and therapeutic, for a variety of medical conditions, both surgical and non-surgical. In Russia hospitals are divided into general, teaching and research, specialized (infection, children) and incorporated hospitals.

In-patient clinics have different departments: therapeutic, surgical, cardiological, oncological and others. The main structural units of any hospital are reception ward, physician’s room, wards, laboratories, X-ray room, medical treatment and dressing room, physiotherapy room and others.

Dispensaries are among the basic public health establishments in our country. These are institutions for prophylaxis and administration of specialized medical aid in a number of diseases. In Russia there are skin-and-veneral, oncological, neuropsychiatric and other dispensaries.

The dispensaries are in a position to administer both in- and out-patient aid. They concentrate their attention on the early detection of certain diseases, early therapy and advisory aid to other curative and prophylactic institutions. Dispensaries co-operate with polyclinics and hospitals.

Emergency medicine.

Emergency medicine is a branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of conditions resulting from trauma or sudden illness. The main aims of this branch of medicine are to make a quick and correct diagnosis, to give the first aid and to stabilize the patient’s condition. Then care is transferred to the primary physician or to a specialist.

In case of an accident or sudden severe illnesses (e.g.: fractures, burns, bleeding or shock) calls are made to the First Aid Station which is on duty all day round.

The F.A.S. has many ambulances equipped with everything necessary for giving first aid and making a diagnosis. The ambulances carry artificial respiration apparatuses, different medicines (painkillers, tonics), dressings, first aid instruments (pincers, syringes), sets of splints and stretchers. There are special ambulances equipped with everything necessary for reanimation of the organism.

The main thing in the work of the ambulance doctor is to make a correct diagnosis quickly. The ambulance doctor must have a deep knowledge of emergency surgery, toxicology, emergency therapy, obstetrics and gynecology, because he must give the patient a proper aid on the spot.

There are two types of First Aid Kits: the unit type and the cabinet type. The unit type kits contain first aid materials (adhesive and bandage compresses, gauze, tourniquet, scissors and some medicines) arranged in cases containing 16, 24 or 32 units. These types of kits serve for general purposes. Cabinet kits are made for a variety of uses and range in size from pocket versions to large industrial kits. Their content may vary to suit the particular first aid needs. Cabinet kits contain mostly fist aid items to be used for more than a single treatment.

At the Chemist’s.

On receiving prescription from a doctor all of us need medicines which are ordered or bought at a chemist’s.

There are usually two departments in a large chemist’s. At the chemist’s department one can have the medicines right away. Other drugs have to be ordered at the prescription department.

At the chemist’s all the drugs are kept in drug cabinets. Every small bottle, a tube or a box of medicine has a label on it. The color of the label indicates the way of drugs’ administration - externally or internally. The dose to be taken and the directions for administration are also indicated on a label. Indicating the dose and the name of any medicine is necessary for chemists, nurses, doctors and patients themselves. It prevents confusing different remedies, some of which are poisonous.

To avoid untoward reactions every patient must know well that he is taking the right medicine and in a correct dosage.

At the chemist’s one can find small parcels of different powders, ampules of solutions for injections, tablets for internal and sublingual use, tubes of different ointments, vitamins and sleeping pills, sedatives and tonics and so on.

There we can also get various subjects of personal hygiene and things for taking care of patients. These are hot water bottles, thermometer, dressings, ice-bags, mustard plasters and so on.

Дата добавления: 2015-10-30