Exercise 10 p. 118.Fill in the blanks with must or had (to).

1. When 1 asked him why he was so late, he told me that he had missed an earlier train and... wait for another one. 2, The man warned us that the place was dangerous to bathe in and we... look for a safer spot. 3. His wife kept telling him that he... not sit up so late. 4. The doctor told him he... give up smoking, as it might be ruinous to his lungs. 5. The father said to the children that they... be careful while crossing the street. 6. The bus was not going that direction, so he... change. 7. It was not that the work... be finished soon, but we ourselves wanted to be through with it as soon as possible. 8. 1 had no special desire to do it, but as I felt it... be done this way or another, I started on it, though reluctantly. 9. I saw that I... speak louder to make myself heard. 10. Telling himself that he... control himself, he did not answer anything. 11. Martin knew that he... stand up to be introduced. 12. For a moment she felt her heart... break.

Exercise 11 p. 118. Refer the following to the past. Make all the necessary changes.

1. It is getting pretty late. I must leave, or I shall be late for the last bus. 2. This is getting too far, I feel I must do something before it is too late. 3. It can't go on like this any longer. It must blow up sooner or later. 4. I know it's a secret and I must keep it, 5. He is trying to explain why the measures he proposes must be resorted to if we want to save the situation. 6. He does not understand why such urgent measures as have been taken must be resorted to even in the face of the situation. 7. It is impossible to change anything. One must take things as they are. 8. I do not agree with him that one must always take things as they are without trying to change them. 9. Do you realize that you mustn't mention it to anybody?

Exercise 12 p. 118. Analyse the modal meaning of the verb to be (to) in the following sentences and translate them into Russian.

1. Large sums are now being spent on educational develop­ments and still larger sums are to be spent in the near future. 2. He was to leave that night... for Gravesend, where the ship, in which he was to make the voyage, lay, and was to be gone I don't know how many years. (CD.) 3. Mr. Priors was to remain shut up in the room while I was gone, and was on no account to open the door. (CD.) 4. What do you want with my things? Am I to be moved into another cell? (V.) 5. Mrs. Pearce. I want to know on what terms the girl is to be here. Is she to have any wages? And what is to become of her when you've finished your teaching? You must look ahead a little. H i g g i n s. Give her orders: that's enough for her. Eliza, you are to live here for the next six months, learning how to speak beautifully. (Sh.) 6. It is evident that we are to have a backward season for grains. (Tw) 7. A little disconsolate, he watched the steamer splashing down the channel towards the pier. What sort of fellow-travellers was he to have? (Blk). 8. "My dear Trot!" cried my aunt, in a terrified whisper... "I don't know what I am to do?" (CD.) 9. There was something in his manner that was not to be resisted. 10. Why are you late? You were to have come an hour ago.

Exercise 13 p. 119. Explain the difference in meaning between the two sentences in the following pairs.

1. a) The plane was not to take off at night as the weather was too bad. b) The plane was to have taken off at night, but the weather was too bad. 2. a) There was to be an interesting concert last night, but I didn't feel well and had to stay at home, b) There was to have been an interesting concert last night, but the singer fell ill and the concert had to be postponed. 3. a) The order came that we were not to leave the village before dawn. b) We were not to have left the village before dawn, but by the time the order came we were two miles away from it.

Exercise 14 p. 119. Combine the modal verb to be (to) with the proper form of the infinitive in brackets.

1. I stood at the window, looking at them disappear, and my heart kept repeating "Good-bye, good-bye!" I was not (to see) them for nearly five years. (EL) 2. You know Mako's Kraal... on the other side there is land with water, that was the land Sam was (to buy). There they were (to live). (Ab) 3. Nobody met me when I came. I was (to arrive) by the ten o'clock train, but I couldn't get a ticket for it. 4. Remember that we are (to be) at his place not later than eight. 5. Why are you so late? Didn't you get my letter saying that we were (to meet) at 4? 6. There was a violent storm that night and the Albatross which was (to arrive) at the port in the morning had to drop anchor near an island a hundred miles off the port.

Exercise 15 p. 119. Insert the verb to be (to) or to have (to) in the necessary tense form.

1. I wondered what... to happen to us. 2. It looks like raining. You... to take your raincoats. 3. We agreed that the one who came first... to reserve seats for the rest of us. 4. Nobody met me at the airfield as I... to have arrived a day later and could not warn any of my friends of the change. 5. He always puts off doing what he... to do until it... to be done. 6. We... to leave on Monday, but because of a two days' delay with the visas we... to book tickets for Wednesday. 7. There is nothing strange in what he did. It... to be expected. 8. It was too late to change the plan, and it... to remain as it was. 9. You... not to tell him about it if you don't want to. 10. You... not to tell him anything about it before you get further instructions. 11. They hoped to spend the summer together, but that... not to be. 12.... I to do it all by myself? 13. When no food... to be had he seemed capable of doing without.

Exercise 16 p. 120. Fill in the blanks with to be (to), to have (to) or must using the correct form of the infinitive.

1. I did not know who... (to be) my travelling companion. 2. According to the state plan, many new dwelling houses... (to build) this year. 3. We … to work) hard to achieve good results. 4. I think we... (to, drop) anchor in that bay until the storm quiets down," the captain said to his mate. 5. … (to say) your behaviour has been far from straightforward. (Sh) 6. "Mabel has gone," Lanny said in a flat, impersonal voice. The old woman went back to her chair and sat down heavily. "It … (to be). Where did she go, son?" (Ab) 7. "Have you been studying much law lately?" I asked, to change the subject. "Oh, Master Copperfield," he said with an air of selfdenial; "My reading... hardly (to call) study." (CD.) 8. Sartorius. If I give in now I … (to give in) always. (Sh.) 9. Mrs. P e a r с e. What … (to become) of the girl?... she (to pay) anything? (Sh.) 10. This is serious; you … (not to joke) about it (Sh.)

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