Comprehension check

1. Now read text A again and match each paragraph with the correct heading. There are extra headings that you don't need.

PARAGRAPH 1………….....

PARAGRAPH 2 ……………

PARAGRAPH 3…………….

How governments can create more equality

Inequalities in income

Inequalities in wealth

What income is?

What wealth is?

Why there are inequalities in wealth and income?

2. Now read text B again and answer the questions.

1. Poverty is...

a. only found in developing countries.

b. mostly in industrialized countries.

c. found in both developing and industrialized countries.

2. What number of people lives in extreme poverty?

a. three billion

b. two billion

c. one billion

3. How can relative poverty be explained?

a. It takes into account that there are rich people.

b. It's a kind of poverty found in industrialized countries.

c. It s a land of poverty only experienced in Britain.

4. What cause of poverty is not mentioned in the text?

a. war

b. lack of natural resources

c. natural disasters

5. Why can't people escape from the poverty trap?

a. Because they refuse to send their children to school.

b. Because they need any income their children can earn.

c. Because governments don't provide free education.

6. According to the text, why are countries often trapped in a poverty cycle?

a. There is no money for investment.

b. There are no schools.

c. The land is not good for growing crops.

3. Translate the following words and expressions into Russian.

· the collected store of valuable things

· bank accounts

· stocks and shares

· unemployment benefit

· interest from savings

· Without a doubt

· below the poverty line

· takes into account

· provide free schooling

Grammar focus Infinitive

Инфинитив - это неличная форма глагола, которая выражает действие, но без указания на число, лицо, наклонение. Как и глагол, инфинитив имеет формы времени и залога и может определяться наречием, а в предложении инфинитив может входить в состав сказуемого (простого, составного глагольного или составного именного, являясь его смысловой частью).

Запомните случаи, в которых инфинитив упот­ребляется без частицы "to":

- после модальных глаголов;

- после глаголов to let и to make;

- в сложном дополнении после глаголов восприятия: (to see, to hear, to feel, etc.); - после выражений: I would rather....You had better...

Формы инфинитива:

Форма инфинитива	Действительный залог	Страдательный залог
Indefinite	to ask	to be asked
Continuous	to be asking	-
Perfect	to have asked	to have been asked
Perfect Continuous	to have been asking	-

Tasks

Ex.1 Insert "to" before the infinitive, where necessary.

1. I like... play the guitar. 2. My brother can... speak French. 3. We had... put on our overcoats because it was cold. 4. They wanted... cross the river. 5. It is high time for you... go to bed. 6. May I... use your telephone? 7. They heard the girl... cry out with joy. 8. I would rather... stay at home today. 9. He did not want... play in the yard any more. 10. Would you like... go to England? 11. You look tired. You had better... go home. 12. I wanted... speak to Nick, but could not... find his telephone number. 13. It is time... get up. 14. Let me... help you with your homework. 15. I was planning... do a lot of things yesterday. 16. I'd like... speak to you. 17. I think I shall be able... solve this problem. 18. What makes you... think you are right? 19. I shall do all I can... help you. 20. I like... dance. 21. I'd like... dance. 22. She made me... repeat my words several times. 23. I saw him... enter the room. 24. She did not let her mother... go away. 25. Do you like... listen to good music? 26. Would you like... listen to good music? 27. That funny scene made me... laugh.

Ex.2 Open the brackets, using the necessary form of the infinitive.

1. I hate (to bother) you, but the students are still waiting (to give) books for their work. 2. He seized every opportunity (to appear) in public: he was so anxious (to talk) about. 3. Is there anything else (to tell) her? I believe she deserves (to know) the state of her sick brother. 4. He began writing books not because he wanted (to earn) a living. He wanted (to read) and not (to forget). 5. I consider myself lucky (to be) to that famous exhibition and (to see) so many wonderful paintings. 6. He seems (to know) French very well: he is said (to spend) his youth in Paris. 7. The enemy army was reported (to overthrow) the defence lines and (to advance) to­wards the suburbs of the city. 8. The woman pre­tended (to read) and (not to hear) the bell. 9. You seem (to look) for trouble. 10. It seemed (to snow) heavily since early morning: the ground was cov­ered with a deep layer of snow. 11. They seemed (to quarrel): I could hear angry voices from behind the door. 12. Perhaps it would upset her (to tell) the truth of the matter. 13. They are supposed (to work) at the problem for the last two months. 14. The only sound (to hear) was the snoring of grandfather in the bedroom. 15. Her ring was believed (to lose) until she happened (to find) it during the general cleaning. It turned out (to drop) between the sofa and the wall. 16. They seemed (to wait) for ages.

Reading 2

Credit Cards

If you pay for purchases at retail stores using a check, they will want to see some form of identification, such as a driver's license or a major credit card (Visa, MasterCard, Discover, and American Express). A passport can also serve as a photo identification, but it isn't wise to advertise that you're an international visitor. Also, checks are only accepted if they are drawn on an in-state bank, so you cannot use them if you travel out of state.

Credit cards are such an ingrained part of the American way of life that you will have trouble making certain purchases with anything other than a credit card. If you want to place an order by phone, cash a check, rent a car, or buy airline tickets, you need to have a credit card.

So it is better to use a credit card to pay for purchases. But you must take care to pay off your balance in full at the end of the month. Otherwise you will incur interest on the balance. This can substantially increase the balance due.

Many international students find it difficult to get a credit card in the US, because they do not have an established credit history. (Also, the credit card issuers are concerned that international students might eventually return to their home countries and default on the balance remaining on the card.) So if you already have a major credit card such as a MasterCard (Eurocard, Access, Chargex), Visa (Barclaycard, Carte Bleue), or American Express, it is a good idea to bring it with you. American banks can check your credit limit on the foreign card, and this may make them more likely to issue you a credit card. Also, if you opened a checking or savings account with a bank that offers credit cards, it may be easier to get a credit card from that bank since you have money on deposit with them.

Before a credit card issuer will grant you a credit card, they will conduct a thorough credit check. They will want to know information about your salary and the name of your employer, how long you've been in the US, and information about your expenses. Some banks will not issue a credit card until you've been employed in the US for at least six months. Other banks will make an exception if you work for a large, well-known employer. If you are a graduate student and receiving a stipend and tuition waiver, include the tuition waiver when figuring your gross income.

Because getting a major credit card is very difficult for international students, you should take every opportunity to establish a good credit record. Be careful to not bounce any checks. If you open a department store credit card, pay the bills promptly. Mailing your payment late several times or missing a single payment can ruin your credit rating. After you've established a good credit history, it will be easier to get a major credit card.

Since you will not be carrying a balance, you should apply for a card that does not charge an annual fee. (Make sure that the card includes a grace period, so that no interest is charged if you pay the balance in full when you receive the bill. Credit cards are required to disclose the interest rate and any fees on the card application.) There are even a few "rebate" cards that pay you for using the card by issuing a small credit. For example, the Discover Card (1-800-DISCOVER) has no annual fee and offers up to 1% cash back on your purchases using the card. The local telephone company may offer a credit card, with the rebates applied toward your telephone bill. The credit card companies will have tables set up on campus with applications and you can also find applications on bulletin boards around campus or at the college bookstore. The Bank Rate Monitor and CardTrak web sites also provide information about the least expensive credit cards.

The major credit cards in the US are Visa, MasterCard, American Express, and Discover. Visa and MasterCard are offered by many banks and financial institutions. American Express and Discover Card are each offered by only one financial institution, but are accepted by many businesses.

Дата добавления: 2015-10-23