International organizations

TEXT I

■ Skimming

Ex. 1.

1) c 2) a 3) h 4) g 5) e 6) d 7) b 8) f

■ Scanning

Ex. 2.

1) The UNO was set up in 1945 after World War II to replace the League of Nations.

2) Its main objectives are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace.

3) The IMF is aimed at fostering global monetary cooperation, securing exchange rate stability, facilitating international trade, promoting high employment and sustainableeconomic growth, and reducing poverty around the world.

4) Unlike commercial banks, the World Bank often lends at little or no interest to countries that are unable to raise money for development anywhere else. Countries that borrow from it also have a much longer period to repay their loans than commercial banks allow.

5) The IAEA promotes safe, secure and peaceful nuclear technologies.

6) FAO intends to defeat hunger by helping developing countries and countries in transition modernize and improve agriculture, forestry and fisheries practices and ensure good nutrition for all.

7) The main function of UNESCO is to contribute to peace and security by promoting international collaboration through education, science, and culture.

8) At the heart of the WTO are agreements, negotiated and signed by the bulk of the world’s trading nations and ratifiedin their parliaments.

Ex. 3.

1) The World Trade Organization

2) Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency

3) The Food and Agriculture Organization

4) The World Bank Group

5) The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

6) The United Nations Industrial Development Organization

Ex. 4.

1) IMF 2) IFC 3) UNO / UN 4) IAEA 5) IBRD 6) IDA

■ Vocabulary Study

Ex. 6.

1) e 2) g 3) a 4) d 5) b 6) f 7) c

Ex. 7.

1) able to continue without causing damage to the environment

2) to make it easier for a process or activity to happen

3) to make a written agreement official by signing it

4) movement, or change from one position, state, stage, etc, to another; change

5) the main or largest part of something

6) to let someone borrow money or something that belongs to you for a short time

7) the occupation or industry of catching, processing, or selling fish or shellfish

8) a company whose controlling interest is owned by another company

Ex. 8.

1) – c); 2) – e); 3) – d); 4) – b); 5) – a)

Ex. 9.

1) facilitate / foster

2) promote

3) ensure

4) conduct

5) contributes

6) sustainable

7) bulk

8) rule

9) nutrition

10) negotiate

Text II

■ Skimming

Ex. 1.

1) – e); 2) – h); 3) – b); 4) – a); 5) – c); 6) – i); 7) – f); 8) – d); 9) – g)

■ Scanning

Ex. 2.

1) F (Decisions taken in the WTO are made by consensus).

2) F (The negotiating positions of the member countries depend on what they want to obtain from other members in return).

3) T

4) T

5) F (In recent years, developing countries have submitted an unprecedented number of proposals).

6) F (By joining the WTO, even a small country automatically enjoys the benefits that all WTO members grant to each other).

7) T

Ex. 3.

1) The WTO agreements result fromnegotiations among member governments.

2) The WTO rules are ratified by members’ parliaments.

3) Member countries bargain with each other over how low their trade barriers should go.

4) Freer trade supports development. In that sense, commerce and development are good for each other.

5) No, lobbying groups do not participate in WTO activities except in special events such as seminars and symposiums.

6) No, they aren’t. Small countries willingly join the WTO.

7) The consensus rule is considered to be more democratic than majority rule because no decision is taken until everyone agrees.

8) Reluctant countries are persuaded by being offered something in return.

Ex. 4.

1) ratified

2) by consensus

3) lower, barriers, flow

4) obtain, return

5) objectives, sustainable, environmental

6) boosts, growth

7) negotiations

8) joining, benefits, grant

■ Vocabulary Study

Ex. 6.

1) – e); 2) – d); 3) – b); 4) – c); 5) – a)

Ex. 7.

1) to grant

2) to obtain

3) submit

4) to lobby

5) a benefit

6) a trade barrier

7) to underlie

8) negotiations

Ex. 8.

1) consensus

2) bargaining

3) boost

4) underlie

5) objectives

6) submitted

7) granted

8) lobbying

Ex. 9.

1) – a); 2) – c); 3) – c); 4) – b)

Unit IV

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