Tyumen region

Topical vocabulary

vast – обширный, громадный

to stretch – тянуться, простираться

severe – суровый

to accommodate – вмещать, размещать

to belong to – принадлежать

owing to – из-за, благодаря, по причине

to reach – достигать, доходить

spring – источник, ключ, родник

swamp – болото, топь

surface – поверхность

yield – улов, урожай, добыча

to possess – владеть, занимать

peat – торф

deposits – месторождения, залежи

the Far East – Дальний Восток

the Extreme North – Крайний Север

abundance – изобилие, богатство, множество

indigenous dwellers – коренные, местные жители

establishment – основание, учреждение, заведение, организация

to take place – происходить, случаться, иметь место

urban-type settlements – поселки городского типа

rural settlements – сельские населенные пункты

the West Siberian Plain – Западно-Сибирская равнина

considerable – значительный, важный, существенный

to prospect – исследовать, проводить разведку, искать (полезные ископаемые)

… sq km / sq mi (square kilometers / square miles) – … квадратных километров (миль)

Siberia is a vast land that stretches beyond the Ural Mountains. Siberia starts witch Tyumen Region, which is one of the largest in Russia. Tyumen Region was formed on August 14, 1944. It has an area of 1.4 million km² (1435.2 thousand km²; 8.4% of Russia's total area). It could easily accommodate Germany, France, Italy, and Great Britain taken together on its territory. The region has a population of more than 3 million (3,430,196) people.

Tyumen Region is Russia’s third-largest region in area and thirteenth-largest in population. It is also one of Russia’s most multinational regions, with representatives of 125 nationalities, including 26 small northern ethnic groups. Tyumen is the region’s administrative, scientific, and cultural center. It was founded in 1586. Higher educational and secondary vocational institutions, research institutes, regional health, cultural and educational departments are all located in Tyumen.

Two autonomous districts, Khanty-Mansi and Yamalo-Nenets, formed on December 10, 1930, are part of the region. The Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District has an area of 523,100 km² and a population of about 1,350,300 people. Khanty-Mansiysk is the district center. The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District has an area of 750,300 km² and a population of about 500,500 people. Its capital is Salekhard. The autonomous districts are populated by the Khanti, Mansi, Nenets, and Tatars – the indigenous dwellers of the land.

There are 29 cities in the region, the largest of which (besides Tyumen) are Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk, Tobolsk, Noyabrsk, Novy Urengoi, Nefteyugansk and Ishim. All the cities are economically and socially connected. There are the most important industrial establishments and educational institutions in these cities. The most interesting cultural events take place there. There are also 38 regions, 34 urban-type settlements and 1,537 rural settlements in the region.

Tyumen Region occupies a large part of the West Siberian Plain and in fact divides Russia into two large territories: a western part consisting of the Urals and European Russia and an eastern, Asiatic part consisting of Siberia and the Far East. Severe climatic conditions are characteristic of the region, since 90% of its territory belongs to Extreme Northern or equivalent districts.

Nature in Tyumen land is rich and varied, owing to the region’s location in three different natural climatic zones: Arctic tundra in the Extreme North changes southward to typical tundra and forest tundra, then to taiga, and finally to forest steppe and steppe in the south. The region has a northern border on the Karsk Sea and has an extensive network of deep rivers, a large number of lakes, and an abundance of underground water, which reaches the surface in the form of springs in some places.

The region’s largest rivers, the Ob and Irtysh, are navigable. The lakes and rivers in the region are noted for high fish yields and number of valuable fish species. A large part of the region is covered with forests where berries and mushrooms grow abundantly. The land is famed for timber pine, larch, shrubbery, cedar, fir-tree and birch in the forests which are full of arctic-fox, bear, fox, weasel, sable, marten and deer in tundra. The region also has considerable land resources. We can see many swamps on the surface of the region. It possesses two-thirds of all peat. Over 100 oil, gas and oil-gas bearing deposits have been prospected in the region.

Many foreigners come to this land either to work or on excursion, because there are many things to see and to study in Siberia.

Questions on the topic «Tyumen Region»

1) When was the region formed?

2) What is the total area of the region? What territory does it occupy?

3) What can you tell about its population?

4) What is the region’s capital like? Describe it.

5) What administrative division is represented in the region?

6) Characterize the climate of the region.

7) Is this region rich in mineral resources? What are they?

8) What vegetation and animals is the region famed for?

9) Does the region attract many tourists? Why do they come here?

10) What else can you tell about Tyumen Region?

Задания

1) Выпишите слова, обозначающие названия деревьев, ягод, животных, рыб.

2) Выучите все слова наизусть.

3) Составьте свой рассказ о регионе на основе данного текста и вопросов (18-20 предложений) и выучите наизусть.

Дата добавления: 2015-10-30