Ударение в составных словах

Ударение в составном слове, состоящем из самостоятельных слов (имени существительного и имени прилагательного, двух имен существительных, двух служебных слов), ставится либо на одном из элементов, либо на обоих:

Место ударения	Условия	Примеры
на первом	как правило	' rail way, ' sea man, ' class room, ' ou tput
на обоих	когда оба слова важны в смысловом отношении	'self-'help 'well-'being 'light-'green
на втором	смысловая сторона выражается вторым элементом	man' kind, per' cent, him' self, to' day, wi'th in, u'p on

Ударение в обоих элементах характерно для составных прилагательных:

'up-to-'date – современный

Ударение на втором элементе чаще всего ставится в составных местоимениях, наречиях, союзах, предлогах:

what'ever – какой бы ни, что бы ни, любой

when'ever – когда бы ни, всегда

un'less – если не

un'til – (до тех пор) пока

Перемещение ударения вправо в словах, образованных с помощью суффиксов –ic, -ics, -ity, -ion, -ian, -ial, -ious:

e'conomy – eco'nomic 'active – ac'tivity 'industry – in'dustrial 'commerce – com'mercial 'real – re'ality e'lectric – elec'tricity 'atom – a'tomic 'period – peri'odic –,perio'dicity a'cademy – aca'demic – a,cade'mician 'music – mu'sician ,mathe'matics –,mathema'tician

to 'operate –,ope'ration to co'operate – co,ope'ration to 'celebrate –,cele'bration to 'institute –,insti'tution to 'substitute –,substi'tution to 'constitute –,consti'tution to con'tribute –,contri'bution to 'realize –,reali'zation to 'organize –,organi'zation to 'occupy –,occu'pation

При этом буквы c, t перед i + согласная изменяют звучание и читаются:

technical технический	['teknkql ]	technician человек, хорошо знакомый с техникой своего дела	[tek'n∫n]
academic академический	[,ækq'demk]	academician академик	[q,kædq'm∫n]
musical музыкальный	['mju:zkql]	musician музыкант	[mju:'z∫qn]
mathematicalматематический	[,maθ’mætkql]	mathematicianматематик	[,mæθmq't∫qn]

3. ~ Прочитайте слова:

'Europe Eur'pean

'Canada Ca'nadian

Ja'pan Japa'nese

'China Chi'nese

'Portugal,Portu'guese

'Viet-‘Nam,Viet-Na'mese

В трехсложных словах-глаголах, оканчивающихся на суффиксы - ate, - ute, - ise, - ify, ударение падает на первый слог, даже если он является префиксом:

'demonstrate – показывать, демонстрировать

'advertise – рекламировать, объявлять

В четырехсложных словах ударение падает на второй слог:

de'nominate – именовать, определять

Гласная в глагольных суффиксах -ate, - ise, - ify читается так, как называется в алфавите. В существительных и прилагательных гласная в суффиксе - ate читается по редуцированному типу:

to 'delegate [ e ] – делегировать

a 'delegate [  ] – делегат

to 'graduate [ e ] –оканчивать учебное заведение

a 'graduate ] –[ выпускник учебного заведения

4. ~² Прочитайте:

English, arrive, record, record, transport, transport, greenhouse, greenhouse

arrange, reverse, invite, success

American, photograph, photographer, psychologist, thermometer

photograph – photographer, psychology – psychological

meteorological, photographic, republic, fantastic, explanation, explosion, revolution

referee, guarantee, employee, referee, guarantee, employ, engineer, disappear, persevere, recognize, recognizing, diplomatic, diplomatically, estimate, estimated, video, aerobics, videoing

international, internationally, economist, economics,

mountaineer, mountaineering, communism, communicate, communicated, direction, automatically, organization

I’ve ordered some coffee and a cake.

I’m going to Spain tomorrow.

I’m going to America tomorrow.

I’ll be returning from America in October.

He was late and he was drunk.

I can do it.

I’ll order two cups of coffee.

Can you tell me the way to the station?

I think they’ll arrive about ten.

It’s going to rain tomorrow night.

The boy’s at school now.

You said you’d love me forever.

How much does a big one cost?

It’s about eighty miles from Houston.

Where do you come from?

How much did it cost you?

Have you ever flown in a helicopter?

What are you trying to do, young lady?

I can get some coffee or tea.

Hello!

4. ~ Прочитайте данные слова, соблюдая правила

ударения:

operate occupy cooperate multiply celebrate electrify institute modify

operation occupation cooperation multiplication celebration electrification institution modification

substitute delegate constitute graduate contribute separate appropriate organize

substitution delegation constitution graduation contribution     separation   appropriation   organization

6. ~ Прочитайте слова, соблюдая правила ударения. Переведите:

abstract to abstract commune to commune compress to compress conflict to conflict contest to contest contrast to contrast decrease to decrease dispute to dispute import to import export to export produce to produce rebel to rebel

forecast to forecast insult to insult subject to subject protest to protest object to object present to present record to record outgo to outgo outlay to outlay frequent to frequent perfect to perfect progress to progress

7. ~ Прочитайте пары слов:

ago age break brick cause course cold could come came change charge cloth close company campaign dead deed died dead died did does goes done gone ear year elder older even event expect except

feel fell further farther future feature head heart head heard horse house know now law low letter latter lay lie mark make new now no now pupil people plan plane quite quiet

read ready raise rise ski sky study student some same since science suit suite shirt short talk take then than there their this these them theme us use you your will well

well wall white why why who with which what that where there where were were wear well wall were war went want work walk with this word world what that would wood

8. Прочитайте слова:

thin, thick, thief, thank, thunder, thirst, thought, thrill, thirty, author, Arthur, Martha, Bertha, nothing, thumb, growth, tooth, both, wreath, faith, mouth, breath, moth, death, myth, health, north, south

sink, said, sawn, Sue, seal, cyst, sort, sum, sigh, same, place, coarse, loose, niece, price, ass, basin, missing

zinc, Zed, zone, zoo, zeal, zest, plays, cause, lose, prize, hers, close, breeze, rise, teasing, reason, miser, risen, raisin, ruse, razor

then, this, thus, these, though, rather, worthy, leather, lathe, smooth, clothe, breathe, bathe, neither, either

vast, veal, vole, very, van, view, veer, vile, vat, veil, vote, vent, venture, leave, halve, carve, prove, serve, live, strive, rave, wave, save, dove, love, glove, grave, stove

9. ~ Прочитайте и переведите без словаря:

transport, taxi, automobile, motor, machine, parachute, airport, port, dock, garage, station, license, passenger

alley, avenue, boulevard, parking, observatory, canal, fortress, agency, telegraph, asphalt, route, statue, ruins

address, apartment, cottage, bungalow, facade, terrace, veranda, patio, lift, balcony, toilet, corridor, hall, water-closet, telephone, electricity, gas, linoleum, vase, sofa, drapery, refrigerator, stool, piano

lion, zebra, dolphin, dog, cat, dragon, mule, goose, reptile

firm, personnel, service, fax, telex, mail, mobile, form, clerk, reception, receptionist, colleague

10. ~ Прочитайте и переведите текст:

The Englishman’s Garden

The English like growing flowers. It’s a useful occupation because it doesn’t harm anyone. In winter the most romantic thing for some people is to pick up a seed catalogue and look at the brightly coloured pictures of summer flowers. Even people with a tiny patch of ground in towns like growing plants, and people who have never seriously tried to speak any foreign language carefully learn the Latin names of the flowers they plant.

If you want to please an English person, be very polite about the garden. He will probably tell you about his garden. So you listen and say, ”How interesting!”

The British are keen gardeners. Every small, suburban house has a lawn and a garden. In city parks people sit on the grass to eat their lunch on nice summer days.

The English gardens are internationally famous. Some of them are very beautiful, especially the big ones that are open to the public.

11. ~ ² Выучите диалоги наизусть:

А. What is your hobby?

В. I collect books on Psychology (economy, law, management).

А. How very interesting! Have you got many in your collection?

В. There are almost fifty of them.

А. Quite a number, I should say.

А. What is your favourite pastime?

В. Fishing. I enjoy fishing very much.

А. Do you often go fishing?

В. Well, yes. I spend a few hours by the river every

weekend.

А. Do you usually catch much?

В. Well, it depends. Last Sunday I caught so much that my mother cooked a fish dish for the whole family.

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Дата добавления: 2015-10-30