Monetary duties.

Net weight - refers to the weight of the product alone, discounting the weight of its container or packaging

Non-tariff barrier - are trade barriers that restrict imports but are not in the usual form of a tariff. Some common examples of NTB's are anti-dumping measures and countervailing duties, which, although they are called "non-tariff" barriers, have the effect of tariffs once they are enacted.

Open accounts – open account transaction is a sale where the goods are shipped and delivered before payment is due, which is usually in 30 to 90 days.

Political risks -the risk of a strategic, financial, or personnel loss for a firm because of such nonmarket factors as macroeconomic and social policies (fiscal, monetary, trade, investment, industrial, income, labour, and developmental), or events related to political instability (terrorism, riots, coups, civil war, and insurrection)

Quotas - a quota that focuses on financial criteria such as gross margin or contribution to overhead. Financial quotas are used to make salespeople conscious of the cost and profit implications of what they sell. Financial quotas are often stated in terms of direct selling expenses, gross margin, or net profit. They are most applicable when the firm's market penetration approaches saturation levels. In such instances, increasing sales or market share is difficult, so an emphasis on selling efficiency and cost control becomes a logical mechanism for increasing profits.

Quantitative duties = quantitative restrictions (QR) - a trade restriction placed on the amount of an item or service that can be imported into a country. These are frequently enacted to protect the price of domestically produced goods or to decrease or eliminate a trade deficit. Also called trade quota

Retailer - a business or person that sells goods to the consumer, as opposed to a wholesaler or supplier, who normally sell their goods to another business / one who sells goods or commodities directly to consumers. These items are purchased from the manufacturer or wholesaler and sold to the end user at a marked up price

Receipt - formal, written acknowledgment that something of value has been received

Shipping - the process of transporting an item, usually through the mail. Shipping is a very basic, common way of getting an item from one place to another, or from one person to another

Sight drafts - a bill of exchange which is payable when it is presented

Specific duty - a duty of a specific sum assessed on an article without reference to its value or market / duty based on a fixed amount of money for each unit of quantity or weight of a product, rather than its value

Tare weight - actual, computed, or estimated weight of the container and/or packaging. In wholesale and retail trade, it is the weight of box, packaging, wrapping, strapping, etc. In transportation, it is the weight of the carrier (such as truck or van). Tare weight plus net weight equals gross weight

Tariff - 1. General: Published list of fares, freight charges, prices, rates, etc. 2. Foreign trade: Popular term for import tariff and import tariff schedule. 3. Shipping: Popular term for shipping tariff And shipping tariff schedule

Tributes ​ - payment made in exchange for protection. Also: Something given or done as an expression of esteem

Tariff barrier - the customs duty intended to make imports more difficult (Example: to impose tariff barriers on or to lift tariff barriers from a product)

Transshipment​ - transfer of a shipment from one carrier, or more commonly, from one vessel to another whereas in transit. Transshipments are usually made (1) where there is no direct air, land, or sea link between the consignor's and consignee's countries, (2) where the intended port of entry is blocked, or (3) to hide the identity of the port or country of origin. Because transshipment exposes the shipment to a higher probability of damage or loss, some purchase orders or letters of credit specifically prohibit it. Also spelled as transhipment

Validated licenses - Validated Export License - document issued by the U.S. government (BXA), authorizing the export of specific commoditites to a specified foreign country within a specified time period

Value Added Tax - (VAT) - indirect tax on the domestic consumption of goods and services, except those that are zero-rated (such as food and essential drugs) or are otherwise exempt (such as exports). It is levied at each stage in the chain of production and distribution from raw materials to the final sale based on the value (price) added at each stage. It is not a cost to the producer or the distribution chain members, and whereas its full brunt is borne by the end consumer, it avoids the double taxation (tax on tax) of a direct sales tax. Introduced by the European Economic Community (now the European Union) in the 1970s

Wholesaler s - person or firm that buys large quantity of goods from various producers or vendors, warehouses them, and resells to retailers. Wholesalers who carry only non-competing goods or lines are called distributors

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