The reasons of natural disasters are different.

NATURAL DISASTERS

Nature and natural disasters are varied(разнообразный) and widespread(широкораспространнённый).

Nature has always been a great enigma(загадка) for people since times immemorial(незапамятные времена). People admired(восхищаться) nature, worshiped(покланлись) it, were afraid(боялись) of it. Nature may(может) present us with nice warm weather and with icy(ледовиковых) winds(ветров), with pleasant(приятный) sunshine and horrible hail, with peaceful(мирный) sky and thunder(гром) and lightning(молния). People have always known that nature is powerful(могущественна) and unpredictable(непредсказуема); it has bright and ugly sides(стороны).

Natural disasters are mostly connected with weather. A few examples of natural disasters are the following(следующие): earthquakes(землетресение), floods(новоднения), tsunamis, hurricanes(уроганы), tornadoes(торнадо), volcanic eruptions(вулканические взрывы, извержения), avalanches(лавина), heat waves(тепловая волна), ice ages, meteor strikes(удары метеоритов), drought(засуха), wild fires(дикие пожары), epidemics(эпидемия), famines(голод), weather disasters(бедствие,крушение, авария) and others.

A flood(новоднение) is a large amount(количество) of water which covers(покрывать) a place that is usually dry land.

An earthquake(землетрясение) is a sudden(внезапное) shaking of the ground.

A hurricane(вулкан) is a very violent(очень сильный, резрушительный) wind that comes from the sea.

A tornado is a very violent wind in the form of a funnel(воронка) of air that spins(вращается) at great(большой) speed(скоростью).

A tsunami (also known as a tidal(прелив) wave(волна)) is a series(несколько) of water waves that can be XXXX meters high and flood(новоднение) vast(обширный, large) territories of land.

A volcano eruption is a spread(распрарониение) of lava, gases(газов) and heat(жары) thrown(выбресываемый) from a volcano crater(кратер).

A drought(засуха) is a long period of dry weather when there is not enough water.

An avalanche(обвал снега. лавина) is the rapid(быстрый) flow(течёт) of snow down a slope(по склону), hill(холму), or mountain(горе).

The reasons of natural disasters are different.

An earthquake occurs(слуачется) due(из-за) to underground activity(деятельность, активность) such as the movement(движение) of tectonic (тектонических плостов)plates(пластов). The magnitude(величина) of earthquakes is measured(измеряется) most commonly(вобщем) by the Richter(Рихтарскай) scale(шкале) of 0-10. An earthquake(землетресения) of magnitude(величиной) 10 has never(никогда) been(небыло) recorded(записано). The largest earthquake in recorded history occurred(случился) in Chile in 1960. It was an earthquake of magnitude 9.5. Earthquakes happen in any part of the world and they are pretty(почти) much unpredictable(непредсказуемые, почти, довольно, очень). There are approximately(примерно) 8,000 of less(меньше) than 2.0 on the Richter scale microearthquakes(микроземлетрясений) every day! Fortunately, they are not felt(нечувствуются).

A tsunami is caused(приинён) by the displacement(смещение) of a large(большой) volume(объём) of a body of water(водное тело) that is usually caused by underwater earthquakes.

A hurricane is caused by warm wet air that rises(подъёмы) in a spiral(спираль) and goes faster and faster – over 160 km an hour.

An avalanche is often triggered (инициируемый) by human activities, such as constructions or even simply skiing. During(напротяжении) World War One, almost 50,000 solders(солдаты) were killed as a result of avalanches(лавина) during the mountain campaign(горная компания) in the Alps on the Austrian-Italian front. Most of the avalanches were caused by artillery(артилерейский огонь) fire.

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