Topic content

Guidelines

For Third-year Students of the Medical Department

Subgect	Propedeutics of internal medicine
Modul №
Enclosure module №
Topic	Clinical, laboratory and instrumental examinations of patients with essential hypertension, symptomatic arterial hypertension. Hypertensic crisis.
Course
Faculty	Medical № 1

Methodical recommendations are made in accordance with educationally-qualifying descriptions and educationally-professional programs of preparation of the specialists ratified by Order MES of Ukraine from 16.05 2003 years № 239 and experimentally - curriculum, that is developed on principles of the European credit-transfer system (ECTS) and Ukraine ratified by the order of MPH of Ukraine from 31.01.2005 year № 52.

Vinnytsya – 2007

1. Importance of the topic

Arterial hypertension is the most spread cardiovascular disorder. Complications of the arterial hypertension are the main cause of mortality and disability of the cardiovascular patients. Knowledge about causes, symptoms and signs of essential and symptomatic hypertensions is a basis of the cardiovascular diseases.

1. Concrete aims:

To learn and understand causes of development, symptoms, signs, laboratory and instrumental data at patients with arterial hypertension.

Basic training level

Previous subject	Obtained skill
Normal anatomy	Anatomy of the heart
Normal physiology	Principles of the heart working
Histology	histological structure of the heart
Propedeutics to internal diseases	Symptoms of the cardiovascular diseases, data of general and local visual inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation of the heart, main ECG-signs, Echo-CG signs of arterial hypertension

Task for self-depending preparation to practical training

List of the main terms that should know student preparing practical training

Essential hypertension	‘Malignant' hypertension	Hypertonic crisis
Secondary hypertension	Dairy BP monitoring	Target organs
Isolated systolic hypertension	Hypertensive retinopathy	Hypertensive encephalopathy
Boundary isolated systolic hypertension	Papilloedema	Hypertensive hephrosclerosis

4.2. Theoretical questions:

1. Definition, classification and risk factors of the arterial hypertension.
2. Symptoms and signs of arterial hypertension.
3. Data of additional methods of investigation at patients with arterial hypertension.
4. Definition and classification of the essential hypertension.
5. Complication of the uncontrolled arterial hypertension.
6. Main symptoms and signs of the hypertonic crisis.

Practical task that should be performed during practical training

1. Collecting symptoms at patient with arterial hypertension

2. Revealing signs of the arterial hypertension

3. Assessing data of ECG, Echocardiography and laboratory examination of the patient with arterial hypertension.

Topic content

Hypertension is an intermittent or a sustained elevation in diastolic or systolic blood pressure (BP).

Hypertension occurs as two major types:

1. Essential (idiopathic, cause unknown) hypertension, the most common (95 %),

2. Secondary hypertension, which results from kidney disease or another identifiable cause.

BP should be assessed over a period of time (don't rely on a single reading). The 'observation' period depends on the BP and the presence of other risk factors or end-organ damage.

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