Worldwide threats. Is it possible to shut off from them?

The processes of globalization occurring in the 90s. XX century, affected almost every aspect of modern life. Globalization has had a significant impact on the development of international relations. It was reflected in the changes that have occurred in the area of ​​global security, where the States had to deal with so-called "new threats", among which the most distinguished international terrorism, proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery, as well as internal armed conflicts.

International terrorism is today one of the most serious threats to the global community. Of course, the phenomenon of terrorism existed long before the era of globalization. So far have not been taken any formal international definition for the term terrorism. In fact, terrorism is an act of politically, religiously or ethnically motivated violence carried out by one person or group of persons. The origins of terrorism should be sought in ancient history. Acts of terror are not uncommon and the Middle Ages and modern times. But at the end XX - early XXI centuries. terrorism has undergone a significant transformation. From the local and the particular phenomenon it turned into a "global transnational movement", which has no frontiers.

At the moment, global terrorism has an extensive network structure, so that we can once again establish the fact globalization and interdependence of various systems of the modern world, including terrorist organizations, which enjoy all the fruits of progress: from the Internet to sophisticated weapons.

As we noted above, the terrorist act committed on political, ethnic or religious grounds. Sometimes we can say that there are several reasons.

Talking about the ethnic roots of terror, it is difficult not to recall the activities of the IRA (Irish Republican Army) or ETA (translated from the Basque language "Basque Country and Freedom"). However, the action undertaken by these local organizations that can not be classified as international terrorism.

Perhaps the genesis of this phenomenon can only talk after the events of September 11, 2001, when during a terrorist attack destroyed the World Trade Center in New York. Responsibility for the attack claimed the radical Islamist organization "Al Qaeda", led by Osama bin Laden.

The tragedy of September 11 shook not only Americans but the whole world. In addition to deep psychological consequences (awareness of the permanent threat and vulnerability), this event has had serious political results. Terrorism at the insistence of the United States was recognized as a major threat to the world community. With this formulation the main threat to accepted almost all the leading powers, who actively joined the anti-terror campaign launched by the United States.

Of course, we must recognize that America has made tremendous contributions to the fight against terrorism, which is connected with the fact that the U.S. is more likely to be targets of violence on the part of the global terrorist movement.

Another major challenge faced by the international community, was the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD).

It should be noted that the danger of WMD proliferation is inextricably linked to the alarming growth of poverty of the terrorist movement: it is difficult to imagine a more disastrous situation than in the presence of a WMD terrorist organization. In fact, it is exceptional in that the situation prevailing in our time. If before the threat of nuclear weapons came from individual states, whose number was strictly regulated, but now the potential to take possession of such weapons has many illegal and criminal gangs. Such a perspective calls into question the existence of the concept of global security flaw which can be broken at any moment.

Today, the so-called "nuclear club" consists of the U.S., Russia, Britain, France, China, India and Pakistan. The only country that voluntarily renounced nuclear weapons, has become South Africa. Unofficial member of the club is also Israel, which, however, has not officially announced the existence of it has nuclear weapons. As you know, development is actively underway in North Korea and Iran.

Nuclear weapons played an important role in the history of the Cold War. Frightening consequences, which may have its application were shown around the world 6 and 9 August, 1945, when the Americans bombed the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Continuous build-up of nuclear power in the period of the bipolar system in some way the logic of confrontation between the two superpowers - the U.S. and the USSR. The threat of conflict with the use of the atomic bomb was a deterrent to those who did not allow a constant clashes between the two adversaries escalate into a nuclear war that threatened to destroy all life on earth several times. The first steps to limit the spread of nuclear weapons were made in the Cold War. In 1963, the treaty was signed banning nuclear weapons tests in the atmosphere, outer space and under water. In 1967, Powers signed the Treaty on the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons, which is still in effect. It was also significant agreement on missile defense systems (missile defense), signed by the USSR and the USA in 1972.

Finally, a dangerous challenge to peace and stability of the international community are internal armed conflicts. Among the "new challenges", this is perhaps the most traditional. Local clashes were frequent during the Cold War is enough to remember the Korean or Vietnam War. The severities of these conflicts were due to the fact that usually for one or other internal forces were two competing with each other superpower. The collapse of the bipolar world has led to a damping of a number of such conflicts, which, however, does not make the world safe from the appearance of new ones. Such conflicts are occurring more often on ethnic or political grounds, especially characteristic of underdeveloped regions, both economically and in the legal and cultural aspects.

The need to address these internal conflicts led eventually to the concept of "humanitarian intervention": in that case, if the state is unable to protect the rights of its citizens, the strength of the international community have a right to intervene to resolve it. In this humanitarian intervention includes not only the operation to restore peace in the region, but also a base for the prevention of recurrence.

This practice is in fact calls into question the inviolability of the sovereignty of an independent state. From a legal point of view, humanitarian intervention is an act of aggression.

So, all we have discussed the challenges threatening the security and prosperity of modern nations and peoples. The only possible answer to these Brzezinski said "persistent conduct a global strategy aimed at addressing the underlying causes of conflicts tearing apart the world." In this case it is a "global American power is a necessary presupposition of such a global strategy."

The examples given above illustrate the fallacy of this way. It is clear that a mutually beneficial strategic and economic partnership the most powerful nations in the interests of Third World countries will make it possible to find the correct answers to the "new challenges".

Дата добавления: 2015-10-29