body / thing / where

1. I was too surprised to say......................

2. There’s..................... at the door. Can you go and see who it is?

3. Does..................... mind if I open the window?

4. You must be hungry. Would you like...................... to eat?

5. Quick, let’s go! There’s.................. coming and I don’t want................... to see us.

6. Sally was upset about.................... and refused to talk to....................

7. – Do you live.................. near Jim?

- No, he lives in another part of town.

8. – Where shall we go on holiday?

- Let’s go.................... warm and sunny.

9. Sue is very secretive. She never tells....................................... (2).

4. Дополните предложения местоимениями no, none, any.

1. It was a public holiday, so there were............... shops open.

2. I haven’t got................ money. Can you lend me some?

3. I couldn’t make an omelette because there were.............. eggs.

4. – How mny eggs have we got?

-.................. I’ll go and buy some from the shop if you like.

5. We took a few photographs but................. of them were very good.

6. I’ll try and answer................. questions you ask me.

7. We cancelled the party because............... of the people we invited were able to come.

I. PHONETICS

1. Прочитайте слова. Обратите внимание на чтение выделенных букв

hydration hydrated dehydration

extra excluding exercise

humid humidity consume impurity

diet dietary dietician

II. LEXICS

1. Составьте предложения из предложенных слов.

1. prescribed / the doctor / the patient / a / diet / special

2. humn / vitamins / health / important / play / an / part / in

3. food / present / are / kinds / vitamins / in / all / of

4. are / winter / often / vitamins A,D,C / called / vitamins

5. need / people / physical work / of / mental work / more / food / people / of / than

2. Подставьте пропущенные предлоги.

from of into with in (2) to (2) by

(1)............... addition to protein, carbohydrates, fats, minerals and water it is essential that our diet contains small amounts (2)............. substances called vitamins. The living organism is unable to manufacture them (3)............. itself. Therefore it has to get them (4)............. other sources, namely foods we eat.

Vitamins are believed to belong (5).............. ancient organic compounds which took part (6)............. building up primary organisms together (7)............... nucleic and amino acids. They are not chemically related and they are classified according (8).............. their solubility (9)................ two groups: water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins.

III. READING

1. Прочитайте текст.

The human body contains from 55% to 78% water, depending on body size. To function properly, the body requires between one and seven liters of water per day to

avoid dehydration. The precise amount depends on the activity, temperature, humidity, and other factors. Most of water is taken with foods or drunk as tea, coffee or some drinks. It is not clear how much water intake is needed by healthy people, though most specialists agree that approximately 2 liters (6 to 7 glasses) of water daily is the minimum to maintain proper hydration. Medical literature favours a lower consumption, 1 liter of water for an average male, excluding extra requirements due to fluid loss from exercise or warm weather.

It is rather difficult to drink too much water, but it is dangerous to drink too little in warm humid weather and while exercising. People can drink far more water than necessary while exercising, to prevent water intoxication, which can be fatal. The popular claim that "a person should consume eight glasses of water per day" seems to have no real basis in science. The latest dietary reference intake report by the United States National Research Council in general recommended (including food sources): 3.7 liters for men and 2.7 liters of water total for women. Pregnant and breastfeeding women need additional fluids to stay hydrated. Pregnant women should increase intake to 2.9 liters (12 cups) and breastfeeding women should get 3.2 liters (14 cups), since an especially large amount of fluid is lost during nursing. It is also noted that normally, about 20% of water intake comes from food, while the rest comes from drinking water and beverages. Water is excreted from the body in multiple forms. With physical exertion and heat exposure, water loss will increase and daily fluid needs may increase as well.

Humans require water with few impurities. Common impurities include metal salts and oxides of copper, iron, calcium and lead, and/or harmful bacteria, Some solutes are acceptable and even desirable for taste enhancement and to provide needed electrolytes.

2. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. How much water does a human body contain?

2. Where do we take 20% of water from?

3. How much additional water should we take daily?

4. Why should breastfeeding women increase water intake?

5. Do humans require pure water? Why not?

IV. GRAMMAR

DETERMINERS

I. Much и many (много) в современном английском языке в основном используют в вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях.

We didn’t spend much money.

Do you know many people here?

В утвердительных предложениях чаще всего употребляются их синонимичные обороты: a lot of / lots of / plenty of, которые можно использовать как с

неисчисляемыми, так и с исчисляемыми существительными.

a lot of luck a lot of friends

lots of time lots of people

plenty of money plenty of ideas

He goes out a lot.

Сочетание plenty of имеет значение «много; более, чем достаточно».

There’s no need to hurry. We’ve got plenty of time.

В утвердительных предложениях many и much обычно используют в сочетании с too (слишком) и so (так).

We have spent too much money.

Местоимения few и little (мало) имеют еще одну форму: a few и a little. Без артикля их значение имеет отрицательный оттенок: «мало; почти нисколько).

We must be quick. There’s little time.

He isn’t popular. He has few friends.

A little и a few имеют более положительное значение: «немного; несколько; некоторое количество».

Let’s go and have a cup of coffee. We’ve got a little time before the train leaves.

Однако в сочетании с наречием only они приобретают отрицательное значение.

The village was very small. There were only a few houses.

We must be quick. We’ve only got a little time.

Местоимения much и little / a litle употребляются с неисчисляемыми существительными.

much time little energy

much luck little money

Местоимения many и few / a few сочетаются с существительными во множественном числе.

many friends few cars

many people few countries

II. Each и every похожи по значению: «каждый». Часто в предложении можно использовать как то, так и другое.

Each time / Every time I see you? you look different.

Но each чаще используют, когда речь идет о небольшом количестве объектов, о «каждом в отдельности».

Study each sentence carefully.

Every употребляют, когда, говоря «каждый», подразумевают «все вместе».

Carol loves reading. She had read every book in the library.

Every используют также тогда, когда говорят о том, как часто что-то происходит.

There’s a bus every ten minutes.

В отличие от each, которое может употребляться самостоятельно, every может не иметь при себе существительного, но тогда используется местоимение one.

None of the rooms was the same. Each was different.

I have read every one of those books.

Существует два варианта сочетания корней every и one: everyone и every one. Everyone употребляют только тогда, когда говорят о людях. Every one можно использовать как для людей, так и для предметов.

Everyone enjoyed the party. (= everybody)

He was invited to lots of parties and he goes to every one.

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

1. Подставьте вместо пропусков much / many / few / little/

1. Ann is very busy these days. She has................... free time.

2. Did you take...................... photographs when you were on holiday?

3. I’m not very busy today. I haven’t.................... to do.

4. The museum was very crowded. There were too.................. people.

5. Most of the town is modern. There are............... old buildings.

2. В некоторые предложения нужно добавить “a”.

1. She’s lucky. She has few problems.

2. Things are not going so well for her. She has few problems.

3. Can you lend me few dollars?

4. I can’t give you a decision yet. I need little time to think.

5. There was little traffic, so the journey didn’t take very long.

6. It was a surprise that he won the match. Few people expected him to win.

7. I don’t know much Spanish – only few words.

3. Подставьте в предложения little / a little, few / a few.

1. We must be quick. We have................... time.

2. Listen carefully. I’m going to give you................... advice.

3. Do you mind if I ask you....................... questions?

4. This town is not a very interesting place to visit, so................. tourists come here.

5. I don’t think Jill would be a good teacher. She’s got.................. patience.

6. This is a very boring place to live. There’s..................... to do.

7. – Have you ever been to Paris?

- Yes, I’ve been there.................... times.

4. Подставьте в предложения each или every.

1. There were four books on the table................... book was a different colour.

2. The Olympic Games are held...................... four years.

3.................... parent worries about their children.

4. In a game of tennis there are two or four players.................... player has a racket.

5. Nicola plays volleyball........................ Thursday evening.

6. I understood most of what they said but not................... word.

7. The book is divided into five parts and.................. of these has three sections.

I. PHONETICS

II. SPEAKING

1.

III. READING

1. Прочитайте текст и выполните следующие задания:

А. Какое из высказываний соответствует содержанию первого абзаца.

.

1. People used to produce food more effectively 2. More people today think they have a healthy diet. 3. Some people don’t enjoy the food they eat.

T / F T / F T / F

B. Установите соответствие между теми, о ком говорится в статье, и

приведенными фактами.

1. Elaine Turner 2. Diana Collins 3. Gos Hussain 4. Lisa Chandler

a. He/She cares about the suffering of animals. b. He/She works in an office. c. He/She is on a diet that is low in fat. d. He/She is an expert on diet.

WHY YOUR HEALTHY DIET ISN’T

Think you are eating healthily?

Think again!

Once upon a time, eating was simple. You plucked food from trees or hunted it in the wild. You ate when you were hungry and stopped when you were full. Now, dew to improved efficiency in food production, food comes in boxes and cans, with complicated labels and misleading names. Not surprisingly, the kinds of people who consider themselves healthy eaters have multiplied as well. There are vegetarians who abstain from animal protein but eat few vegetables, and snackers who nibble non-stop to keep their energy up. The problem is that many people become so obsessed with extremes that they no longer appreciate, or enjoy, food for the good things it provides (including flavour). This can lead to poor nutrition. With the help of food and nutrition expert Dr Elaine Turner, we look at three people’s diets and offer some easy and practical suggestions to help them get the most out of their meals.

First up is Diana Collins, 19, a university student who wants to lose weight. “It might not be scientific,” she says, ‘ but I have this idea that if I don’t want to be fat, I shouldn’t eat fat,’ She’s on a low-fat diet and most of what she eats consists of non-fat food like pasta, cereal bars and fat-free crisps. Because she never feels full, she’s constantly eating – and consuming far more calories than she needs. ‘This diet is quite old-fashioned,’ saysDr Turner. ‘Some fats are beneficial, like nuts and olive oil, and staples like pasta contain lots of calories. Diana should add more fat and protein early in the day. A good breakfast of scrambled eggs and mushrooms will mean that she eats less during the rest of the day. She should also use olive oil as a salad dressing.’

Our second subject is Gos Hussain. Gos is sixteen and has chosen to be a vegetarian because of his concern for animal rights. However, some people aren’t so much vegetarian as they are food avoiders. Gos survives on cheese pizza, pasta and sweets. ‘We’ve got nothing against a meatless diet, as long as it’s approached properly, but some vegetarians simply don’t eat enough vegetables, not to mention fruit and protein.,’ Dr Turner says. She advises Gos to fill his plate with food in a variety of colours, a quick and simple way to ensure that you get your daily requirement of important vitamins and other healthy substances. ‘Gos is still growing so what he eats is even more important. He should go for toppings like spinach and peppers rather than cheese alone, cut down on the amount of cheese generally.’

Finally, there’s a snacker, Lisa Chandler. Lisa is eighteen and works as a secretary. She likes to think that she has a fairly healthy diet and always has quite small meals. ‘I am lucky in that I never seem to put any weight on no matter what I eat, but I want to look after my body because I know that it’s the only one I’ve got.’ Dr Turner agrees that long-term health is important, but what some people don’t realize is that they pick all day at nominally healthy food like raisins or reduced-fat biscuits and end up eating twice as much as they should. Lisa might be slim now, but all those mini-meals will eventually add pounds without boosting energy levels. ‘The philosophy behind snacking is that you eat several small meals instead of three big ones,’ Turner says, ‘but it doesn’t mean that you can just eat throughout the day. Lisa needs to avoid having snacks by her computer where she’ll be tempted to use them to relieve boredom or stress. Stash your goods in the cupboard or refrigerator where they belong and remember that yoghurt with berries or apple wedges with peanut butter make good snacks. There’s really nothing better than a sensible, well-balanced diet that gives your body exactly what it needs.’

2. Прочитайте текст еще раз. Подберите к высказываниям (1-6) подходящий

вариант концовки (А,B,C,D)

1. The writer says that food today

A. is produced using artificial methods.

B. is worse quality than in the past.

C. is less filling than it should be.

D. comes in confusing packages.

2. The problem with Diana’s diet is that she

A. doesn’t get the energy she needs.

B. forgets to eat in the morning.

C. needs to eat the right kind of fat.

D. is bored by what she eats.

3. According to Dr Turner, vegetarians

A. should eat less fruit than they do.

B. often lack protein in their diet.

C. need to have meat in their diet.

D. get no nutrition from what they eat.

4. What does Dr Turner suggest Gos do?

A. eat a broader range of food.

B. try to avoid eating pizza.

C. eat larger portions of food

D. stop eating cheese

5. Dr Turner believes that Lisa’s diet will lead to her

A. gaining weight

B. having more energy

C. developing health problems

D. spending more money on food

6. Dr Turner says that Lisa shouldn’t

A. spend so much time at her computer

B. feel under pressure to eat healthily

C. keep food near where she works

D. wait so long between meals

3. Найдите в тексте слова или фразы, которые по значению соответствуют

приведенным ниже.

1. people who don’t eat meat

2. eat something in small bites

3. the science which studies how healthy food is

4. having a good result

5. attractively thin

III. GRAMMAR

MODALS

Модальными глаголами называют глаголы, которые не обозначают действия, а говорят о том, что что-то нужно, желательно, можно или нельзя

сделать. К таким глаголам относятся must, should, can / could, may / might, shall, would, а также модальные выражения have to, be able to, be allowed to, had better.

Дата добавления: 2015-10-29