Investigation of influence supergumusa on migration nitrate in the profile of the aeration zone

Mavlyanov G.N. ¹, Hodjaev V.G.²

¹ Mirzo Ulugbek National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; ² Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering geology, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

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Pollution of the biosphere nitrogen compounds due to the use of nitrogen fertilizers is a major challenge to the developed countries around the world. The danger of nitrogen (NO^-₃), (NO^-₂), (NH⁺₄) to human health, present in large amounts in foods, drinking water use established by numerous researchers lyami [1-7] and the main ones are: 1. Under the influence of the microflora in the stomach and intestines nitrates to nitrites, which are: a) oxidized hemoglobin to methemoglobin, with sharp, especially in children under 1 year, reduced transport of oxygen to tissues, which in some cases causing death; b) nitrite and amines can form nitroso compounds, which are carcinogenic. 2. In food products nitrate and nitrite in 6 times more toxic than the number-melting salt, and MPC (maximum permissible concentration) establish work-th to the last. 3. When cooking vegetables, about 85% of nitrate enters the liquid. 4. For some types of vegetables and greens (spinach, lettuce, radishes, beets, celery, parsley, dill, kale) is characterized by an extremely high content of co-nitrate (450-2280 mg / kg). Melon juice, containing more than 40mg/kg of nitrate caused a marked change in the rat internal organs. Indoors the nitrate content in plants may increase ourselves in more than 10 times, compared with an open bottom. 5. When boiling water, nitrate content increases [8]. From the above it is seen as dangerous for human health high concentrations of nitrate. All this is alarming because nitrate-dirty soil, surface water and groundwater. The main source of contamination of soils and natural waters connect-mi nitrogen is agriculture, which used large amounts of nitrogen fertilizer.The danger is compounded by the fact that in our gray soils, especially in hot climates, intensive education is of additional amounts of nitrate, ammonium as of, and the amide nitrogen of. This process is called nitrification and occurs primarily by microorganisms.

Nitrosomanas Nitrobacter

Microorganisms consume the nitrogen for their livelihood, you-mine the while in gaseous emissions: (NO)_x.

The environment is dangerous because nitrificationa) less mobile and included in the aeration zone to the exchange reaction ammonium is converted into soluble, very mobile and do not enter into exchange reactions of nitrate.

b) as an intermediate product formed nitrite (NO^-₂), which is 12-15 times more toxic than nitrate; c) nitrous oxide(N₂O) in the gaseous losses destroys the ozone screen, resulting in exposure to life on the planet. Nitrification and unfavorable to agriculture, since a large of quantity of nitrogen fertilizer is lost. In Uzbekistan, of cotton annually used 200-250 kg / ha (as nitrogen) of nitrogen fertilizer or 800-1000kg in the form of fat. The efficiency of an average of 35%. The rest are mostly lost, contaminating surface and underground water, the aeration zone and the atmosphere. Our objective was to find means by which to reduce the migration of residual nitrogen fertilizer on the profile of the aeration zone, in order to protect groundwater. As the sorbent we used the waste coal industry, which is specially treated with various microorganisms (supergumus).

Дата добавления: 2015-10-29