Business environment

I DEFEND MY DIPLOMA IN ENGLISH

Пособие для развития навыков

устной речи и чтения

на английском языке

Красноярск 2009

Красноярский государственный аграрный университет

I DEFEND MY DIPLOMA IN ENGLISH

Пособие для развития навыков

устной речи и чтения

на английском языке

Красноярск 2009

Рецензент: В.И. Литовченко, канд. филол. наук

Антонова, Н.В. I defend my diploma in English: Пособие для развития навыков устной речи и чтения на английском языке / Н.В. Антонова, Ж.Н. Шмелёва. Краснояр. гос. аграр. ун-т. – Красноярск, 2009. – 37 с.

Пособие для развития навыков устной речи и чтения на английском языке "I defend my diploma in English" предназначено для аудиторной и самостоятельной работы студентов IV – V курсов института Международного менеджмента и бизнеса, специализирующихся в области менеджмента, а также менеджеров всех уровней, имеющих партнеров по бизнесу за рубежом.

Печатается по решению редакционно-издательского совета

Красноярского государственного аграрного университета

© ФГОУ ВПО "Красноярский государственный аграрный университет"

CONTENTS

Unit 1. PRESENTATION OF THE DIPLOMA PAPER 5

Unit 2. BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT 8

Unit 3. COMPANY ORGANISATION 14

Unit 4. COMPANY RESULTS 19

Unit 5. COMPANY STRATEGY 23

Unit 6. COMPETITION 27

Unit 7. BASIC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 30

Unit 8. SOURCES OF FUNDS 33

UNIT I. PRESENTATION OF THE DIPLOMA PAPER

Exercise 1. Learn the terms and their explanations; use them in your own sentences.

chairman –a person who leads the meeting;

research – actions which are done in order to get full information about the company;

object of the research –the company which is studied;

subject of the research –the problem which is studied at the given enterprise;

financial condition – the situation in the company from the point of view of the finance (stable, unstable, crises);

competitor – a person or a company which operates in the same area producing similar goods;

data – information which is received manually or electronically.

Exercise 2. Read the presentation of the diploma paper and divide it into several blocks which it must include.

PRESENTATION OF THE DIPLOMA PAPER

Dear Chairman of the State Attestation Board! Dear members of the State Attestation Board!

Allow me to present to your attention the Diploma paper ”-------------------------------------“

This problem is of great importance today because of-----------------------------------

The object of my research is------------------------------------------

The subject of my research is-----------------------------------------

The tasks of the diploma paper writing are as follows:-------------------------

-to study the theoretical material on the problem;

-to analyze the company financial condition;

-to-------------------------------------

-to-------------------------------------

In my research I have used such methods as:----------------------

First of all I would like to say a few words about the company. It is located in Krasnoyarsk, its address is------------. - The company has been working on the Krasnoyarsk market for---------------- years since-------------

.

Now I would like to say a few words about the financial condition of the company.

At present it is stable (unstable, crises). We can say that on the basis of the following data:

Now about the competitors of the company. The main competitor of the company is-----------

On the basis of the conducted analysis we can draw the following conclusions:

We are offering the following actions to improve the situation:

-

-

-

-

My report is over. Thank you for your attention. I am ready to answer all your questions.

Exercise 3. Study the given methods of research and choose the ones used in your diploma paper. Give the main ideas in English.

IRR Internal rate of return method внутренняя доходность [рентабельность, прибыльность], внутренняя норма доходности [прибыли] (расчетный показатель доходности, используемый при оценке инвестиционных проектов; определяется как ставка дисконтирования, при которой чистая приведенная стоимость денежного потока от инвестиционного проекта равна нулю; если рассчитанная ставка больше ставки процента за кредит или нормативной ставки, то проект считается выгодным; в первую очередь характеризует не прибыльность проекта, а его устойчивость к повышению процентных ставок);

Payback period PB period, период [срок] окупаемости (период до того момента, когда чистые поступления от проекта сравняются с суммарными инвестициями в него; определяется как отношение первоначального вклада капитала к ежегодным поступлениям от инвестиций; метод часто оказывается неадекватным, так как игнорирует изменение стоимости денег во времени);

Accounting rate of return ARR бухгалтерская рентабельность, бухгалтерская [учетная] доходность (показатель прибыльности организации, рассчитываемый на основе данных бухгалтерской отчетности как отношение величины экономического эффекта (какого-л. бухгалтерского показателя прибыли) к бухгалтерской стоимости инвестиций, вызвавших этот эффект (напр., расходов по реализации инвестиционного проекта, суммарным активам компании, собственному капиталу и т. д.); не предполагает учета дисконтированных будущих доходов и расходов);

Average rate of return ARR средняя доходность (отношение среднего за общий период инвестирования притока денежных средств (напр. средней чистой прибыли) к величине инвестированного капитала);

Net present value method NPV method метод чистой приведенной [дисконтированной, текущей] стоимости (метод принятия инвестиционных решений, согласно которому, если чистая приведенная стоимость проекта больше нуля, то проект следует принять, если меньше — отклонить);

Capital investment appraisal оценка капитальных инвестиций [инвестиций в основной капитал] (оценка расходов, связанных с приобретением или возведением объектов основных средств, и доходов, которые может принести использование данных объектов, с целью выбора наиболее прибыльного варианта вложения средств);

Benefit-cost ratio BC ratio, B/C ratio, BCR отношение выгод к затратам, коэффициент "выгоды/затраты" (отношение дисконтированных поступлений по инвестиционному проекту к дисконтированному размеру затрат по данному проекту, если значение коэффициента больше единицы, то инвестиционный проект принимается, если меньше — отклоняется);

SWOT – analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats).

Exercise 4.Start working on your presentation of the diploma paper using all the following materials of the lessons given in the book.

UNIT 2. BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT

Exercise 1. Learn the terms and their explanations; use them in your own sentences.

a business – a person, firm, company or other organisation which makes or produces a product, buys and sells goods or provides some kind of service;

an entrepreneur – a person, usually the owner who organizes finances and manages a commercial or industrial organisation in the expectation of making a profit;

a loan – something lent especially money on condition that interest will be paid at the agreed rate and that the amount lent will be repaid at the agreed time or in an agreed manner;

a mortgage – a contract by which the owner of land borrows money, giving the lender an interest in the land as security for the loan;

overdraft – an agreed sum of money which by arrangement a bank allows a customer to overdraw his account, i.e. to run into debt;

to purchase – to buy;

expertise – know-how; special knowledge or skills; knowing how to do something special or difficult;

benefits – something given to an employee in addition to his salary or wage to save tax or to encourage hard work;

taxation – money paid to the government as taxes; act or process of taxing somebody or something;

Exercise 2. Read the text and find out:

1) What are the main variables which influence business operation?

2) How can the owners be characterized?

3) Where can the companies borrow funds?

4) What are the main groups of suppliers?

5) Who looks after employees’ interests?

6) What is consumer?

7) How are links between government and businesses realized?

8) What are the main characteristics of competitors?

BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT

All types of businesses in Australia exist within an economic and social framework. This framework includes a number of different variables which influence business operations.

Look at these influences:

OWNERS

This group of people or organizations usually have the following characteristics:

· they initially fund and set the business up;

· they are risk-takers or entrepreneurs who believe that the prospects of future profits are greater than the risk of losses;

· they are sole proprietors, members of partnership, or shareholders in a company;

· they manage the enterprise themselves or employ managers to run the business for them.

LENDERS

Most businesses borrow funds from third parties such as banks and finance companies. Such arrangements are usually direct loans to the business, often secured by a mortgage. Banks also make overdraft facilities available to most businesses.

SUPPLIERS

Many types of businesses purchase goods from suppliers and resell them to their customers, either as they are, or after combining or altering them (i.e. acting as wholesalers/retailers, or manufacturers). Such purchases and sales are made on a credit or cash basis.

EMPLOYEES

Employees offer businesses necessary skills and expertise. They expect to be paid accordingly. Their interests, often looked after by trade unions or professional associations, increasingly cover wider areas than pure financial rewards. Hence the costs and benefits of employees have considerable effect on the business and require careful considerations by management.

Employees may also act as managers of the business. In this role they should act in its best interests. Financial information will be necessary to help them to do this.

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