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1.Чтобы превратить политический бренд в торговую марку, требуются отчаянная смелость и чувство социальной конъюнктуры. Ведь использовать позитивные исторические воспоминания почти невозможно - в памяти потомков остаются по большей части кровавые путчи, тоталитарные режимы и властолюбивые диктаторы. Отношение к ним в современном обществе непостоянно, и закономерности его изменений никому не ведомы. Британский принц Гарри, выбрав в качестве карнавального костюма нацистскую форму, нарвался на небывалый скандал. Общественное мнение Англии объявило ему бойкот, королевской семье пришлось извиниться за юного недотепу.
2. Зато советская символика, которая еще недавно воспринималась жителями стран Запада ничуть не лучше, чем свастика, и навевала лишь мрачные ассоциации с архипелагом ГУЛАГ и ядерными боеголовками, неожиданно пошла "на ура". В 2001 году молодой российский дизайнер Денис Симачев представил в Париже коллекцию "СССР": на олимпийки был нашит советский герб, на штаны - лампасы, а на футболках гордо красовалось название государства, прекратившего за десять лет до этого свое существование. Идея дизайнера получила народное признание: произведения Симачева вскоре были растиражированы сотнями пошивочных мастерских и бойко продавались сначала в европейских сувенирных лавках, а затем и в престижных магазинах. Стоит отметить, что некоторые дизайнеры такие артефакты советской эпохи, как знак качества, серп и молот, изображения военной техники и. т. д считают прежде всего яркими примерами авангардного искусства, которые раскупаются прежде всего из-за своих эстетических, а не исторических достоинств.
3. Французская компания Miss China подошла к торговле историческим наследием куда более серьезно. Только на ее сайте можно приобрести точную копию френча Мао Цзедуна. Подробное описание товара убеждает потенциального покупателя, что это не просто куртка, сшитая по выкройке, сделанной для китайского вождя, а культурный артефакт, полный сакральных символов. Например, пять пуговиц обозначают основные ветви власти КНР: административную, исполнительную, законодательную, судебную и контрольную. Четыре кармана - конфуцианские добродетели: вежливость, верность, честность и целомудрие. А три пуговицы на рукаве - три народных принципа: национализм, демократия и социализм. Кроме предметов гардероба, которые дают возможность продемонстрировать неординарные политические симпатии их обладателя, большой популярностью пользуются "политизированные" алкогольные напитки.
4. В 2004 году российская компания "Брэйн-Инвест" запустила производство пива, которое полностью ориентировано на экспорт. Она эксплуатирует сразу два фетиша советского прошлого: название страны и страсти по космонавтике. На этикетке изображен, "собирательный образ советского космонавта", а слоган рекламной кампании - фраза, которой члены космического экипажа отвечают ЦУПу: "Чувствую себя хорошо". Почти год назад в Литве появилась «USSR Vodka» со стилизованными изображениями рабочих на этикетке. Ее производила алкогольная компания Stumbras специально для крупнейшей прибалтийской сети VP Market. Однако, жесткая критика общественностью "напитка оккупантов" возымела действие и продукция начала исчезать с прилавков магазинов. Популярный литовский телеведущий даже заявил в эфире: "Если потребитель подонок, отброс общества, он купит бутылку с такой этикеткой. Я бы никогда не купил".
UNIT 3
Section 1.MEMORY EXERCISE
1. Последовательное повторение числа с изменением (+1; +2; -10; -1).
| 32 475 |
| 29 85 6 | |||||||||
| 1 980 345 | 2 386 543 | 65 897 | 32 653 | 2 642 200 | 1 720 360 |
Перевод на слух 1-3 предложений без записи
Настоящие матросы:)
1. Военно-парусное судно «Конституция» («U.S.S. Constitution») могло взять на борт 184.000 литров пресной воды. Этого объема было достаточно для обеспечения команды из 475 матросов и офицеров пресной водой на шесть месяцев плавания. Дистилляторов на судне не было.
2. Согласно записям в бортжурнале, 27 июля 1798 г. «Конституция» отошла из Бостона с полной командой в кол-ве 475 матросов и офицеров с миссией уничтожать и тревожить британские торговые судна.
3. На борту было 184.000 л пресной воды, 7.400 ядрами для пушек, 5.300 кг пороха и 300.000 (!) л рома.
4. 6 октября 1798 г. судно пришло на о. Ямайка, где команда загрузила на борт 375 кг муки и 258.000 л рома.
5. 12 ноября 1798 г. судно пришло на Азоры. Провизия судна пополнилось на 250 кг вяленой говядины и 243.000 л португальского крепленого вина.
6. 18 ноября 1798 г. судно отправилось к берегам туманного Альбиона. По пути оно уничтожило 5 британских военных кораблей и затопило (проделав дырки в днищах и бортах) 12 торговых кораблей, забрав на борт только запасы рома с каждого из этих судов.
7. 26 января 1799 г. на «Конституции» закончились порох и ядра. Несмотря на это, судно совершило ночной набег в заливе Фирт-оф-Клайд у берега Шотландии. Десантный отряд захватил спирто-водочный завод и к рассвету загрузил на борт 151.000 л виски. Затем судно отправилось домой.
8. 20 февраля 1799 г. «Конституция» вернулась в Бостон, без пороха, без ядер, без еды, без капли рома, виски или вина, но зато с 146.000 л застоявшейся пресной воды.
(distiller, take goods aboard, pull out/leave, cannon ball, rum, arrive at, dried beef, fortified wine, foggy Albion, stagnant water)
Section 2. LISTENING
MOSCOW (Reuters) - California will no longer exist on the Russian map. Russia's north-western region of Nizhny Novgorod has decided to eliminate the tiny village of California due to the lack of inhabitants, Itar-Tass news agency reported on Thursday. The village was set up in the 19th century by a Russian landowner as a snub to the government for selling Alaska to the United States in 1867. The once vibrant village has been in decline since the Soviet collapse, with the last of its residents leaving in 2000 to seek better lives elsewhere. It will now officially cease to exist as a geographical unit but it was unclear if its buildings, including a school, would also be destroyed. Thousands of villages, abandoned by people moving to cities, are scattered across Russia, many in ruins but some frozen in time, their wooden huts unchanged for decades.
Section 3. RESP O NSE RATE
THE "ARAB SPRING"
1.A. set fire to cars - сломить сопротивление протестующих - fuel the movement - волнения достигли столицы - undercover agent – придать себя огню - rampant unemployment – автократическая власть - hold aloft posters – выйти на улицы - chant slogans – закрыть доступ в интернет - call on president to step down – самосожжение - peaceful protests – жестоко подавлены полицией - escalate into an uprising – принять резолюцию- demand the overthrow of smb - defiant protest march – распространиться по всей стране – вызвать наложение санкций и осуждение со стороны других стран -
1.B. поджигать автомобили - crack down on the protestors - "подогреть страсти” (ухдш стц-ю) - revolt spread to the capital city – тайный агент – set oneself on fire – галопирующая инфляция - autocratic governance – держать плакаты высоко поднятыми – take to the streets – скандировать лозунги - shut down internet access – призывать президента к отставке - self-immolation – мирные протесты – be broken up violently by police – перерасти в восстание - pass a resolution - требовать свержения кого-л - марш неповиновения - unfold across the country - trigger sanctions and condemnation abroad
2.A. halt the violence – марш несогласных - have the justification – представлять угрозу стабильности - impoverished nation – убежище для боевиков - call for the ouster of President – испытывать кризис- be riddled with corruption – нарушение прав человека - extreme poverty – недостаточная прозрачность - the internet-savvy youth – уровень голода - step down – перерасти в кровавый конфликт - wrest smth from smb – быть по происхождению Курдом - oil run dry – продовольственная безопасность - give courage to women’s rights movement – последовать примеру
2.B. прекратить насилие - March of the Discontented - иметь оправдание - pose a threat to the stability – обнищавшая страна - a haven for militants – призывать к изгнанию президента – undergo a crisis – принизан коррупцией - human rights violations – крайняя нищета - insufficient transparency – хорошо ориентирующаяся в интернете молодежь - famine rates – уступить свою позицию - transcend into bloody conflicts – отобрать силой – be of Kurdish descent - нефть заканчивается - food security - стимулировать движение женщин за свои права - follow suit
Section 4. SIGHT TRANSLATION
1. Since mid-January, North Africa and the Middle East have been gripped by revolutionary fever. There have been revolutions in Tunisia and Egypt; a civil war in Libya; civil uprisings in Bahrain,Syria, and Yemen; major protests in Algeria, Iraq, Jordan, Morocco, and Oman, and minor protests in Kuwait, Lebanon, Mauritania, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, and Western Sahara. A major slogan of the demonstrators in the Arab world has been Ash-sha`b yurid isqat an-nizam» ("The people want to bring down the regime").
2.Tunisia; the "Arab Spring", ("Arab Awakening" or "Arab Uprisings") was sparked by the first protests that occurred in Tunisia on 18 December 2010 following Mohamed Bouazizi's self-immolation. Twenty-six-year-old Mohamed Bouazizi, living in the provincial town of Sidi Bouzid (160 miles from Tunis), had a computer science degree but no work. To earn some money he took to selling fruit and vegetables in the street without a license. On December 17, authorities confiscated his produce and allegedly slapped his face. Bouazizi became incensed. He then drenched himself in gasoline and set himself on fire outside the governor’s office. On Wednesday, another jobless young man in Sidi Bouzid climbed an electricity pole, shouted "no for misery, no for unemployment", then touched the wires and electrocuted himself. On Friday, rioters in Menzel Bouzaiene set fire to police cars, a railway locomotive, the local headquarters of the ruling party and a police station. The police cracked down on the protestors, which only fueled the movement. After being attacked with Molotov cocktails, the police shot back, killing a teenage protester. By Saturday, the revolt eventually spread to the capital city, Tunis
(Bouazizi survived his initial suicide attempt. After being transported to a hospital near Tunis, he was visited by President Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali before passing away on January 4.)
3.Egypt; The 2011 Egyptian revolution (Egyptian Protests, Days of Rage, the Papyrus Revolution and the Lotus Revolution). Following the self-immolation of Mohamed Bouazizi in Tunisia on 17 December, a man set himself ablaze on 17 January in front of the Egyptian parliament; about five more attempts of self-immolation followed. Opposition groups planned a day of revolt for 25 January, coinciding with the National Police Day. One of the main tools for organizing the rallies was a Facebook page in honor of Khaled Said, a 28-year-old businessman who died in June at the hands of undercover police, a hated institution for many Egyptians. Protests started on Tuesday, January 25, when thousands (or tens of thousands or a hundred thousand or up to two million. Although by some counts, the Square can’t hold more than 225,000) began taking to the streets to protest poverty, rampant unemployment, government corruption and autocratic governance, People held aloft posters denouncing the Egyptian president, and chanted slogans "Go Mubarak Go" and "Leave! Leave! Leave!". The Egyptian government shut down internet access for most of the country, but two days later anonymous internet users helped Egypt communicate. Similar demonstrations calling on Mubarak to step down were also witnessed across other cities.
4. Libya; The 2011 Libyan civil war. The situation began on 15 February 2011 as a series of peaceful protests. On the evening of 15 February, between 500 and 600 demonstrators protested in front of Benghazi's police headquarters after the arrest of human rights lawyer Fathi Terbil. The protest was broken up violently by police, resulting in clashes in which 38 people were injured. The protests escalated into an uprising that spread across the country, with the forces opposing Gaddafi establishing a government based in Benghazi named the National Transitional Council. On 17 March, the United Nations Security Council passed a resolution to impose a no-fly zone in Libyan airspace. The military intervention in Libya has been cited by the Council on Foreign Relations as an example of the responsibility to protect policy adopted by the UN at the 2005 World Summit. Legally, morally, politically, and militarily it has only one justification: protecting the country's people." However, the Council also noted that the policy had been used only in Libya, and not in countries such as the Ivory Coast, undergoing a political crisis at the time, or in response to protests in Yemen.
5. Syria; The protest movement in Syria was at first modest, and took a while to gain momentum. The events began on 26 January 2011, when Hasan Ali Akleh from Al-Hasakah poured gasoline on himself and set himself on fire. According to eyewitnesses, the action was "a protest against the Syrian government". Two days later, on 28 January 2011, an evening demonstration was held in Ar-Raqqah, to protest the killing of two soldiers of Kurdish descent. Tens of thousands demanded the overthrow of President Bashar al-Assad, chanting “we will kneel only to God.” Defiant protest marches unfolded across the country despite a military crackdown that has triggered sanctions and condemnation abroad. Washington imposed sanctions on Syria’s largest bank and its biggest mobile telephone company, controlled by Assad’s cousin Rami Makhlouf. U.S. Ambassador said more sanctions would follow if the Syrian authorities did not halt the violence.
6. Yemen; The 2011 Yemeni uprising followed the initial stages of the Tunisian Revolution and occurred simultaneously with the Egyptian Revolution. In the southern port city of Aden, a 28-year-old unemployed man set himself on fire to protest the economic troubles in the country. The man, identified as Fouad Sabri, was rushed to the hospital in critical condition. The act is the latest in a wave of attempts at self-immolation across the Arab world. In the early phase, protests in Yemen were initially against unemployment, economic conditions and corruption, as well as against the government's proposals to modify Yemen's constitution. The protestors' demands then escalated to calls for Yemeni President Ali Abdullah Saleh to resign. The demonstrations pose a new threat to the stability of Yemen, the Arab world's most impoverished nation, which has become a haven for al-Qaeda militants. "No delays, no delays, the time for departure has come!" shouted protesters, calling for the ouster of President Ali Abdullah Saleh, who has ruled for nearly 32 years. Saleh's government is riddled with corruption, has little control outside the capital, and its main source of income — oil — could run dry in a decade.
7. Causes. Numerous factors have led to the protests, including issues such as dictatorship or absolute monarchy, human rights violations, government corruption (demonstrated by Wikileaks diplomatic cables), economic decline, unemployment, extreme poverty, and a number of demographic structural factors, such as a large percentage of educated but dissatisfied youth within the population. Also, some attribute the 2009 Iranian protests as one of the reasons behind the Arab Spring. The catalysts for the revolts in all Northern African and Persian Gulf countries have been the concentration of wealth in the hands of autocrats in power for decades, insufficient transparency of its redistribution, corruption, and especially the refusal of the youth to accept the status quo. Many of the internet-savvy youth of these countries have studied in the West, where autocrats and absolute monarchies are considered anachronisms. Increasing food prices and global famine rates have also been a significant factor, as they involve threats to food security worldwide and prices that approach levels of the 2007–2008 world food price crisis. Amnesty International singled out Wikileaks release of US diplomatic cables as a catalyst for the revolts. Though some politicians call a new wave of world wealth redistribution between powerful nations among the reasons.
8. Consequences. The Arab Spring gave us significant democratic reforms and courage to women’s rights movement in many countries, but also the violent crackdowns and civil wars in other countries. Tunisian President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali stepped down on Jan. 14 following a month of violent demonstrations. Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak followed suit on Feb. 11, after more than two weeks of protests. Protests in Libya have transcended into a series of bloody conflicts. Rebel forces have been fighting to wrest control of the country away from Col. Moammar Gadhafi. Yemen's President Ali Abdullah Saleh had to leave the country for medical treatment after he was wounded on June 3, but fighting in the country intensified.
Section 5. SAMPLE TRANSLATION
| Переговорыв Японии Представители США, Южной Кореи и Японии завершили в Токио переговоры о предоставлении КНДР новой технологии атомной энергии. Представитель министерства иностранных дел Южной Кореи сообщил, что достигнут значительный прогресс по этой проблеме, включая образование консорциума. Он будет специализироваться на поставках в КНДР ядерных реакторов южнокорейского образца. Переводческие решения 1.... переговоры о предоставлении... 2.... образование консорциума... 3.... специализироваться на... | Talks in Japan Representatives of the USA, South Korea and Japan have concluded talks in Tokyo on supplying the KPDR (North Korea) with modern technology for nuclear power engineering. A spokesman of the South Korean Foreign Ministry reported that considerable progress had been achieved in solving the problem, including the establishment of a consortium, which would concentrate on supplying nuclear reactors of a South Korean type to the KPDR. Translator's Decisions 1.... talks on supplying... 2.... the establishment of a consortium... 3.... concentrate on... | |
| Гринпис требует вывести токсичные отходы Международная экологическая организация «Гринпис» обратилась к правительству Франции с требованием немедленно вывезти с российской территории высокотоксичные отходы французских предприятий. Опасный груз—около 1000 тонн—был отправлен в Россию в 1994 году под видом кобальто-никелевого шлама для переработки. Еще в марте прошлого года «Гринпис» потребовал от правительства Франции принять меры для вывоза токсичных отходов из России. Однако сейчас токсичный груз по-прежнему находится в России на неприспособленных для его хранения складах Санкт-Петербурга. Переводческие решения 1.... обратилась к правительству Франции... 2.... под видом... ... по-прежнему находится в России | Green Peace: Remove Toxic Waste The international environment organization «Green Peace» has requested the French government to remove immediately highly toxic waste of French origin from Russia's territory. A hazardous load of about 1000 tons was dispatched to Russia in 1994 under the guise of cobalt-nickel slurry for reprocessing. As early as last March Green Peace demanded that the French government take measures to remove its toxic waste from Russia. However, the load is still in Russia, stored in unsuitable premises in St.Petersburg. Translator's Decisions ... has requested the French government...... under the guise of...... is still in Russia... | |
| Землетрясение на Дальнем Востоке России Землетрясение силой 5 баллов по шкале Рихтера зарегистрировано вчера в Петропавловске-Камчатском (Дальний Восток). Как сообщили «Интерфаксу» в пресс-службе министерства РФ по чрезвычайным ситуациям, жертв и разрушений нет. Подземные толчки силой до 4 баллов в эпицентре ощущались в тот же день в районе озера Байкал в Восточной Сибири. Жертв и разрушений нет. Переводческие решения 1.... землетрясение силой 5 баллов... 2.... как сообщали Интерфаксу... 3.... в районе озера Байкал... | Earthquake in Russian Far East An earthquake measuring Force 5 on the Richter scale was yesterday recorded in the town of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy in the Russian Far East. An official statement, released to Interfax by the Emergencies Department of the Russian Federation, said that there were no casualties or damage. After-shocks registering up to Force 4 at the epicenter were felt on the same day inthe vicinity of Lake Baikal in Eastern Siberia. Again there were neither casualties nor damage. Translator's Decisions 1.... an earthquake measuring Force 5... 2.... an official statement, released to Interfax... 3.... in the vicinity of Lake Baikal... | |
SECTION 6. GRAMMAR DIFFICULTIES IN TRANSLATION
Тема 4. INFINITIVE
| Subject | To acquire knowledge is everybody’s duty |
| Parenthetical Clause | To tell the truth, I don’t like this film |
| Object | Не likes to spend his holidays in the South. I want to have a rest. He forced her to go with him. |
| Part of Predicate | The problem is to do everything without delay. The aim of our research work is to find the necessary data. |
| Attribute | Here is a nice book to read before going to bed. I have an idea to spend holidays abroad. He was the first to offer his hand to me. |
| Adverbial modifier Of purpose Of consequences Of concurrent circumstances | I do sports to keep fit. To know a foreign language well you have to work hard. Now he is too tired to give us an account of his trip. This method is not accurate enough to produce any definite results. Hydrogen and oxygen unite to form water |
SECTION 7. INTERVIEW
Interview with the Former President of Ireland
The future, says Ireland's ex-president, is looking up
As the president of Ireland, Mary Robinson didn't make policy; Prime Minister and his government do that. But Robinson was no mere figurehead. Since she took office in 1990, she has consistently turned up in polls as the most popular public person in Ireland while imbuing her job with considerable moral authority. Robinson, 52, is the appealing face of the new Ireland. She decided not to run for a second term as President.
Q: Мог ли произойти экономический бум без интеграции страны в ЕС?
A: I think it would be very difficult... When we joined in 1973... it had an immediate psychological and political effect that was very significant for us. It lifted the burden of our historic relationship with Britain. We ceased to define ourselves exclusively in that relationship. I think it also had a very beneficial effect in a broader context. It helped Irish agriculture by giving secure prices, better prices.
Q: Как получается, что некоторые другие участники Евросоюза более прохладно относятся к единой Европе, например Британия?
А: | think the experience of each of the member countries is different, there are very understandable reasons why attitudes in Britain would be different. To begin with, there weren't the same evident beneficial effects, particularly in agriculture. The Common Agricultural Policy didn't suit British agriculture. There has been perhaps a worrying sense in Britain of a declining influence in various ways, and that coincides with membership in the European Union. In other words, I don't really want to put myself in the British shoes, but there are very understandable reasons.
Q: В результате улучшения экономического положения некоторые из тех, кто покинул страну, сейчас возвращаются.
A: Yes, people who left... because they couldn't get jobs that were at the level of the education and skills that they had obtained here in Ireland. They then spent perhaps 10 years outside, in the United States or in Japan or wherever, and I think there is a discernible desire to return.... I think for those now in their late 20s, early 30s, mid-30s, this is a good country. It's a country with a very good intellectual and social life as well as job opportunities.
Section 8. ARTICLE
Buzz junkies
As women take to extreme sports in ever greater numbers, Lindsay Baker asks: why do they choose to live so close to the edge? What would drive an affluent 46-year-old divorcee to abandon her metropolitan comfort zone for an expedition so extreme that only 300 people have ever attempted it? What could compel a perfectly groomed mother of two teenagers to embark on a 69-mile trek to the South Pole, through a waste of ice and snow, in temperatures as cold as -50C, with the risk of altitude sickness and unexpected crevasses at every step, pulling her own 70kg sled behind her?
“I love staying in five-star hotels as much as the next person,” says the intrepid Lucinda Partridge-Hicks, the woman who undertook this venture. “But I’m quite good at roughing it, too. It is strangely humbling being in a harsh environment. You can’t just turn on a tap when you’re thirsty — you have to melt snow, which takes ages. And you have to pee into a plastic funnel to avoid frostbite in sensitive areas.” Partridge-Hicks is far from alone in her love of high-risk adventures. Dangerous pursuits are becoming hugely popular with women, particularly those in their thirties and forties. Whether it’s extreme expeditions or adrenaline sports, there’s been a steady movement in recent years, as a new breed of female daredevils unobtrusively enters what was previously a largely male preserve. “When I thought about it too much, the idea of leaving my children to go on this expedition filled me with horror,” admits Partridge-Hicks. The danger aspect first hit home when she went for a final fitting of her custom-made Michel Guillon glacier goggles, which protected her eyes from the harsh conditions and snow blindness. “The reality of what I was going to face suddenly dawned on me. But it had been a lifelong ambition and I felt compelled to go through with it.”
Her desire to seek out “new experiences and remote places” was engendered by her expat upbringing in West Africa, but her divorce played a part as well: “It made me realise that life may not always be a fairy tale of marriage and happy-ever-after, but that what I did have was more freedom.” Four years ago, as soon as she considered her children old enough (they are currently 15 and 17, and at boarding school), Partridge-Hicks booked herself on her first Arctic dog-sledding trip, for the Disabled Living Foundation. The Antarctic expedition, however, was a different kind of challenge. It required months of training — power-walking for 4-5 miles a day around Hyde Park (sometimes dragging tyres behind her attached to a harness to simulate the weight of her sled), with one 10-mile hike per weekend. She also did private Pilates sessions to help her develop strength and mobility. “Physically and mentally it was very tough,” she admits. “But, as I kept reminding my children before leaving, statistically I’d be more at risk driving down the M4.”
Deb Clarke, a sky-diving enthusiast, has a similar attitude: “The first time I hurled myself out of a plane at 12,500ft, freefalling at 120mph, I was absolutely terrified. Now, after 2,000 dives, the only fear I have is that something could go wrong, so I make sure I’m well prepared. My view is that if you don’t take any risks, you don’t have much of a life — anyway, now I’m hooked to that beautiful feeling of flying. It’s also a positive way of releasing stress and putting everything into perspective. Women are good at skydiving because it requires flexibility as well as stamina. I suspect it’s also because when you’re diving, you feel as though you’re living life to the full.”
This same sense of self-discovery through danger seems to fuel the freediving world champion Tanya Streeter, 31, who is currently the only female athlete in any sport to surpass the men’s record. In freediving, the diver takes a deep breath, then descends into the sea — in Streeter’s case, a remarkable 525ft. Needless to say, there are risks. But she doesn’t seem to mind. “If you’re not living on the edge,” she says, “you’re just taking up space, aren’t you?” On one occasion the equipment that helps propel her back to the surface failed, and Streeter blacked out as she reached the surface. She’s remarkably sanguine about what most would consider a near-death experience: “It’s just the body’s way of coping. It’s called the mammalian dive reflex — you lose consciousness in order to withstand the low level of oxygen.” Oddly enough, Streeter insists she’s a complete “chicken” when it comes to heights, rollercoasters, American freeways, even the dark. But with her sport, she says, she’s “so wrapped up in the challenge” that she forgets that what she’s doing is difficult or dangerous.
“It’s a huge rush,” agrees Robyn Davies, 29, the British women’s surfing champion. The twin dangers with surfing are, it turns out, “sharks and drowning. It’s the only sport where you can be eaten alive by a wild animal”. She recalls one incident when she was surfing off the coast of Madagascar: “I was caught between a huge set of waves and a gnarly reef. I was out of my comfort zone, and my first instinct was to paddle towards the shallower waters. Then I saw that my way was blocked by a shark splashing around in a frenzy. I was thinking, ‘Do I drown or do I get mauled? ’” Thankfully, she escaped unscathed. So, does the element of danger appeal to her? “I don’t really think of the dangers,” she says. “Unless there are a lot of sharks around.” In fact, none of these women dwells on the danger factor. What they seem to value most is the sense of empowerment and confidence their sports provide elsewhere in their lives. “Whenever I face a challenge,” says Streeter, “I take a deep breath and think, ‘If I can dive hundreds of feet into the sea, then I can do anything. I can handle this.’ The mind will stop you doing something long before your body will — to let your body control your mind is the most amazing feeling.”
Or, as Partridge-Hicks puts it: “A man is just as likely to have a wobbly as a woman.”
UNIT 4
Section 1. MEMORY EXERCISE
1.Tongue Tanglers / Tongue Twisters
1. I would if I could! But I can't, so I won't!
2. One Old Ox Opening Oysters.
3. Two Toads Totally Tired Trotting To Tewkesbury.
4. Four Fat Friars Fishing For Flounders.
5. Seven Silver Salmon Solemnly Sailing.
6. Round and round the rugged rock the ragged rascal ran.
7. Shut up the shutters and sit in the shop.
8. Swan swam over the sea. Swim, swan, swim! Swan swam back again. Well swam swan!
9. You know New York. You need New York. You know you need unique New York.
10. I wish to wish the wish you wish to wish, but if you wish the wish the witch wishes, I won't wish the wish you wish to wish.
11. Blake's black bike's back brake bracket block broke
12. How can a clam cram in a clean cream can?
Section 2. LISTENING
One day, girls, you will laugh at this
WOMEN use more brain power and take longer than men to understand jokes but derive more pleasure from a good punchline, according to scientists. Experiments at Stanford University in California found that women use more parts of the brain than men to process jokes and have less expectation that they will find them funny. The findings are part of an emerging body of research helping scientists to unravel the mystery of how our sense of humour works. Advances in functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) technology have allowed researchers to monitor how men and women respond to humour differently by observing their brain activity.
Section 3. RESPONSE RATE
А. Сбить самолет – riot police – to unveil smth – выражать обеспокоенность в связи – to resign/to stand down – полицейский террор – to endorse – лишить гражданства – to blow up a building – хорошее/плохое предзнаменование – to hold smb responsible for smth – положить конец беспорядкам – be charged with carelessness resulting in death and injury to others – повстанец – guerillas – стремиться резвеять опасения – social unrest – борьба фракций – to rule out the support for industry – соответствовать требованиям – controversial/arguable point - вносить поправки в закон – to dismiss a claim – распустить собрание – accounting standard
В. Shoot down an aircraft – отряды полиции по борьбе с уличными беспорядками – раскрывать планы – to be concerned about smth – уйти в отставку – police brutality – одобрить/индоссировать – to revoke citizenship - взорвать здание – good/ill omen –обвинять – to bring riots to an end – быть обвиненным в халатном отношении, приведшему к смерти и травматизму других – rebel/ insurgent – партизаны – to seek to allay fears – социальные волнение – factional strife – отказать в помощи индустрии – to meet the criteria/requirements – спорный пункт – to amend an act – отклонить претензию – to dismiss the assembly- система бухучета
Section 4. SIGHT TRANSLATION
1. Japan said in its annual defense review that it was concerned about the growing strength of China's army.
2. According to the rumour mill in Beijing, Zhu Rongji, an economic reformer, is likely to become China's next prime minister, replacing Li Peng, who is meant to stand down after ten years in office.
3. A senior hotel executive was charged with carelessness resulting in death and injury to others after Thailand's worst ever hotel fire, in Pattaya, killed 90 people.
4. The US President endorsed legislation that would make it illegal for health-insurance companies to discriminate against healthy people on the basis of their genetic inheritance.
5. Peru's government revoked the citizenship of Baruch Ivcher, the! owner of a television station that often embarrasses it. He had not abandoned his Israeli nationality when he became Peruvian in 1984, it said. An attack on media freedom, said thousands of demonstrators. Even pro-government papers agreed. The foreign minister had to resign.
6. Having blown up a main oil pipeline and shot down a helicopter-load of soldiers sent to protect repair work, Colombian guerrillas blew it up again four days later and killed ten more soldiers. Production —I 180,000 barrels a day — from the Caco Limon field was suspended.
7. Kofi Annan, the secretary-general of the United Nations, presented! his plans for making the organisation more effective, largely by rationalising departments and by creating a policy-making cabinet. Early reactions from America's Congress, which has made the payment of arrears dependent on UN cuts, were unenthusiastic.
8. Faced with local and international anger over police brutality during demonstrations, Kenya's President promised to talk to the opposition and, perhaps, reform the dictatorial laws that keep his party in power.
9. The Algerians released Abbasi Madani, leader of the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS), from jail, but not his deputy. Mr Madani, who said his release after six years was unconditional, proclaimed it as a good omen. But the FIS's influence is not what it was; Islamic radicals beyond its control are generally held responsible for some 100 killings by bombs and throatcutting in the past week.
10. The Israeli-Hezbollah agreement not to fire on civilian targets began collapsing as Israeli shells in Lebanon killed a Palestinian woman and her son and Hezbollah fired rockets in response.
11. The deployment of Palestinian policemen on the line between Israeli and Palestinian-controlled Hebron brought a month of riots to a temporary end. A Palestinian youth in Ramallah was shot dead by Israeli soldiers.
12. Imam Feisal Abdul Rauf has long worked to bridge divisions, be they fissures between interfaith husbands and wives or political chasms separating the United States and the Muslim world. The 61-year-old clergyman is now in the midst of a polarizing political, religious and cultural debate over plans for a multistory Islamic center that will feature a mosque, health club and theater about two blocks north of ground zero.He is one of the leaders of the Park51 project, but has largely been absent from the national debate over the implications of building a Muslim house of worship so close to where terrorists killed more than 2,700 people.
Section 5. SAMPLE TRANSLATION
PUTINKI
"He's a guy like us and he just calls a spade a spade." (Michele Berdy, a Putin watcher and translator)
| 1. «В ответ на предложение, чтобы российские военнослужащие сейчас приняли участие в операции в Ираке, так и хочется сказать: «Нашли дураков». (На пресс-конференции по итогам переговоров с Берлускони в Риме. 5.11.2003.) 2. «Надо исполнять закон всегда, а не только тогда, когда схватили за одно место». (Из интервью итальянским СМИ. 4.11.2003.) 3. Об обрезании в интимном месте.«Если вы хотите совсем уж стать исламским радикалом и пойти на то, чтобы сделать себе обрезание, то я вас приглашаю в Москву. У нас многоконфессиональная страна, у нас есть специалисты и по этому «вопросу», и я рекомендую сделать эту операцию таким образом, чтобы у вас уже больше ничего не выросло». (На пресс-конференции в Брюсселе по итогам саммита Россия - ЕС. 12.11.2002.) 4. «Если мозги утекают, значит, они есть. Уже хорошо. Значит, они высокого качества, иначе они никому не были бы нужны и не утекали». (На встрече с победителями Всероссийского конкурса сочинений. 5.06.2003.) 5. «Я не хочу сказать, что нам совершенно безразлично ваше мнение и что мы плевать на все хотели. Нет, мы будем прислушиваться к советам... доброжелательным». (На пресс-конференции после встречи с канцлером ФРГ в Осло. 12.11.2002.) 6. «Мы будем преследовать террористов всюду. Если в туалете поймаем, то и в сортире их замочим». (На пресс-конференции в Астане. 24.09.1999.) 7.«Самое простое - махать шашкой, рубить головы и выглядеть на этом фоне крутым руководителем». (На пресс-конференции в Кремле. 20.06.2003.) | 1. At a news conference in Rome, May 11, 2003: "In answer to the proposal that Russian troops take part in operations in Iraq, you just want to say, 'Right, like we're that stupid."' 2. Speaking about Russia's oligarchs, who got rich quick after the fall of the Soviet Union, April 11, 2003: "Everyone has to understand, once and for all, that you've got to obey the law all the time, and not just when someone's got you by the short hairs." 3.Alluding to circumcision in answer to what he considered an impertinent question about the war in Chechnya, at a news conference in Brussels, Nov. 13, 2002: "If you want to completely become an Islamic radical and get yourself sliced off, I invite you to come to Moscow. We're a multifaith country and we've got specialists in that 'question' and I suggest you get that operation done in such a way that nothing will grow back." 4.On the emigration of talent from Russia, June 6, 2003: "If there's a brain drain, that means there are brains here. That's a good start. It means they're high quality; otherwise nobody would want them and they wouldn't drain." 5.On contrary opinions, at a news conference after meeting the German chancellor in Oslo, Nov. 13, 2002: "I don't want to say that your opinion means absolutely nothing to us and that we want to spit on everything. No, we will listen to your advice with good will." 6.On pursuing terrorists, Sept. 24, 1999 (perhaps Putin's most quoted remark): "We'll chase down the terrorists everywhere. If we catch them in the toilet, then we'll wipe them out in the outhouse." 7. On talking tough, June 20, 2003: "The simplest thing is to wave around a saber, cut off heads and make yourself look like a tough leader." |
SECTION 6. GRAMMAR DIFFICULTIES IN TRANSLATION
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