Nutrients in food

Foods give us proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals.

1. Proteins build and repair body cells. Meat, fish, eggs, milk, beans, grains, and nuts are rich in proteins.

2 . Carbohydrates provide energy for rapid use. They include sugars in fruits, sugar cane, and sugar beet; starches in potatoes, bread, cereals such as wheat, rice, maize, oats, and barley, and vegetables.

3. Fats are concentrated stores of energy, found in butter, margarine, edible oils, meat, eggs, etc.

4. Vitamins in tiny quantities help regulate chemical processes inside the body. Different vitamins occur in fats and oils, fresh fruits and vegetables, liver, kidney, cereals, eggs, and yeast.

5. Minerals are necessary for the chemical activities of the body and for the construction of tissues. Minerals of certain kinds abound in milk, cheese, fish, and some green
vegetables.

b) Study the daily food intake for the Western and non-Western worlds. How is the consumption different? Which type do Russians belong to?

Food intake

The diagrams compare average daily calorie consumption of different foods per person in two regions. In the Western world people eat more food of more kinds than they do in the non-Western world.

American-European food consumption

Breakfast cereals, milk, sugar, juice, coffee,

1,000 calories marmalade, fried foods, toasts

Snacks tea, coffee, milk, sugar, cookies

400 calories

Lunch soup, main dish, salad, bread,

1,000 calories butter, dessert, coffee, milk, sugar, wine, or beer

Dinner main dish,salad, bread,

1,100 calories butter, dessert, coffee, sugar,

milk, wine, or beer

Total: 3,500 calories average daily intake

Asian-African food consumption

Breakfast, rice, milk, pulses (= beans),

lunch, and vegetables, very little meat

dinner or fish

Total: 2,000 calories average daily intake

c) Have you ever heard about the food pyramid? What is it? Work in a small group and complete the chart below. Do you agree with such a distribution of food consumption? Discuss it in class.

Food at the top of the pyramid - fats, oils, and sweets should be eaten only sparingly. People need protein in moderate amounts in their diets, so the upper middle section of the pyramid contains two groups of food that supply protein: milk, yogurt, and cheese; and meat, poultry, fish, dried beans, eggs and nuts. Nutritionists recommend that people eat two to three servings of these foods a day. Most people need to eat more fruit and vegetables, represented in the two lower middle sections of the pyramid. People should eat three to five servings of vegetables and two to four servings of fruit a day. The base of

the pyramid consists of grains, the food group that should be eaten the most (six to eleven servings a day), including bread, cereals, rice, and pasta.

1.24. More people try to follow a balanced diet nowadays. a) Read the text about cholesterol and health. b) Answer the questions and add up your scores to see if you have a balanced diet. c) Discuss with a partner what you could change in your diet to make it more balanced.

Дата добавления: 2015-10-26