Give the Russian equivalents.

UNIT 6

The Drill Site [1]

Text 1. Choosing the Drill Site

The drill site – the location of the well – varies as the surface geography of the earth varies. In the early days of the industry, geologists and wildcatters were able to find oil and gas in places that were generally accessible. As people began to use more hydrocarbons, the oil industry extended its search for oil and gas to all corners of the globe. Today, companies drill wells in frozen wildernesses, remote deserts, mosquito-ridden marshes, hot and humid jungles, high and rugged mountains, and deep offshore waters. In short, a drill site is anywhere oil and gas exist or may exist.

The operating company decides where to drill by considering several factors. The most important is that the company knows or believes that hydrocarbons exist in the rocks beneath the site. In some cases, the operator drills a well in an existing field to increase production from it. In other cases, the operator drills a well on a site where no one has found oil or gas before. The company often hires geologists to find promising sites where no production exists. Geologists explore areas to try to determine where hydrocarbons may exist.

Major companies sometimes have a staff of geologists; independents often hire consulting geologists or buy information from a company that specializes in geological data. Legal and economic factors are also important in the selection of a drilling site. For example, the company must obtain the legal right to drill for and produce oil and gas on a particular piece of land. The company must have money to purchase or lease the right to drill and produce. What’s more, it must have money to pay for the costs of drilling.

The costs of obtaining a lease and drilling for oil or gas on the lease vary considerably. Costs depend on such factors as the size of the reservoir, its depth, and its location. A company can easily commit several million dollars to find, drill for, and produce oil and gas. The rewards can be great, but so can the expenses.

The operating company takes several steps before telling the drilling contractor exactly where to place the rig and start, or spud, the hole. The company reviews and analyzes seismic records. Legal experts thoroughly examine lease terms and agreements. They ensure that the operating company has clear title and right-of-way to the site. Surveyors establish and verify exact boundaries and locations. The company also confirms that it has budgeted the necessary drilling funds and that the funds are available.

On land, operating personnel try to choose a spot directly over the reservoir. They also try to pick a location that will not suffer too much damage when the contractor moves in the rig. In an area that is especially sensitive, the operator and contractor take extra steps to ensure that as little harm as possible occurs.

Offshore, the operator hopes that the weather is reasonably good, and, if using a bottom-supported rig, picks a spot where the ocean bottom can adequately hold any rig supports in contact with it.

EXERCISES

1. Read the text and give the English for:

буровая площадка, члены бригады разведочного бурения, компания-разработчик, буровой подрядчик, получить право на бурение и добычу нефти и газа, забуривать скважину, экологически уязвимые участки работ, опоры буровой установки

Give the Russian equivalents.

to extend search, to increase production, to hire geologists, to explore area, to obtain the legal right to drill for and produce oil and gas, to pay for the costs of, to depend on factors, to commit dollars, to take steps, to spud the hole, to analyze records, to establish & verify boundaries, to budget funds, to suffer damage

3. Match the words with their meanings:

· hydrocarbon a. исследовать

· desert b. граница

· jungles c. адекватно

· wilderness d. забуривать (начинать бурение)

· explore e. экологически уязвимый

· spud f. пустыня

· seismic g. джунгли

· surveyor h. углеводород

· boundary i. дикая местность

· sensitive j. буровой агрегат

· adequately k. сейсмический

l. геодезист

4. Complete the sentences:

1) The drill site – the location of the well – varies as….

2) As people began to use more hydrocarbons, the oil industry extended its search….

3) The company knows or believes that….

4) The company often hires geologists to find….

5) Legal and economic factors are also important in….

6) A company can easily commit several million dollars….

7) The operating company takes several steps before telling the drilling contractor exactly where….

8) Surveyors establish and verify….

9) The company also confirms that….

10) In an area that is especially sensitive, the operator and contractor take extra steps to ensure that….

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