Practical methods of money laundering

"Structuring" is an artificial fragmentation of financial operations on several operations, with small amounts of money. In this case, the funds are transferring not only from banking institutions but also from different post offices, pawn shops and other organizations. As a result, the funds accumulated in one or more accounts, and then absolutely legally transferred to the bank of another country. Another common way of illegal transfer of funds is illegal conversion of funds. The use of electronic payment, securities, futures and derivatives that are not necessarily directly related to the real goods.

The extensive system of so-called fictitious companies. The state registration of such enterprises is usually carried out under the lost and stolen passports. Then, preparing a set of documents provided to the bank to open a checking account. The account established for a fictitious company, over time accumulated non-cash resources, which are then transferred to the account of another fictitious company (or received by check cash).

Alternative banking systems. Money laundering in the so-called "Golden Triangle" (the area at the junction of Thailand, Burma and Laos) occurs through a complex chain of proxies to carry out a similar business from one generation to another, similar system in the Muslim world called hawala, has survived to the present day, based on the principles of nepotism and establish links of criminal groups. The accuracy and confidentiality of financial transactions in such systems is achieved by cruel punishment of violators. Moving through the channels of underground banking, "dirty" money does not get into the formal banking system. Alternative banks operate without a paper trail.

Fie chien, or "flying money", there is in China, which, like hawala, based on trust, family relationships, local social structures and the threat of imminent and severe punishment for any violator of unwritten rules. This system, which is sometimes referred to as a "system of notes" allows, by giving money to illegal banker in one country, to get them to another country in exchange for a "note" that is a kind of a check. This method of transferring dirty money is fast and convenient, free from transporting bulk, money leaving little trace and is also characterized by a minimum cost and limited commission of the banker.

Set of easy rules for money launders:

· The better the mechanism of money laundering imitates procedures of the legal agreements, the less chances of detection.

· The smaller the part of illicit funds into legal financial flows, the more difficult it is to detect.

· The larger the business structure of production and distribution of non-financial goods and services, depends on small firms, the harder it is to separate the legal from the illegal agreement.

· The higher the share of services in the economy, the easier in this country to launder money.

· The higher the degree of financial self-regulation of legal agreements, more difficult to track illegal money flows.

· The smaller the possibility of the use of credit cards and other cashless payment instruments for illegal financial transactions, the more difficult to detect cases of money laundering.

· The smaller the particle in the volume of illicit flows of legitimate income to the country through the border, the harder it is to find them.

· The more illegal activity penetrates into the legal economy, the fewer opportunities for its institutional and functional separation.

Дата добавления: 2015-10-31