Answer the questions. a) What infectious diseases do you know?

a) What infectious diseases do you know?

b) What helps to prevent complications?

c) What must we do to prevent the spread of infection?

d) What is the first symptom of many infectious diseases?

e) How can the disease pass from one person to another?

f) Vaccine helps to protect children against infectious diseases, doesn't it?

3. Are the statements true or false? Correct the false ones.

a) To have a healthy lifestyle means to take vitamins regularly.

b) A healthy lifestyle helps you keep fit.

c) You needn't pay at the private hospital.

d) When somebody has an accident he goes to the specialist.

e) You can buy pills, tablets and other medicine at the hospital.

f) You should tell a doctor about the symptoms of your disease.

g) To be on a diet is dangerous for your health, h) If you are sick, don't consult a doctor.

i) Children are usually afraid of injections.

Text 2

1. Read and translate the text.

ADULT DISEASES

Blood pressure has two components: systolic pressure, the higher number, represents the pressure that the heart must generate to pump blood to the rest of the body. Diastolic pressure, the lower number, refers to the pressure in the blood vessels between heartbeats. Usually systolic pressure increases as we age. How­ever, after age 60, diastolic pressure usually begins to decline because of stiff­ening of the body's blood vessels. Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). High blood pressure, or hypertension, is defined as systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg or greater, or diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg or greater. This is because the risk of various health complications is increased when the blood-pressure levels are higher than this.

High blood pressure can cause damage to many organs, including the brain, heart and kidneys, as well as arteries throughout the body. If you have high blood pressure that has not been diagnosed, or that is not being treated adequately, you are at greater risk of having a heart attack, stroke, kidney failure and blindness. Symp­toms of high blood pressure can cause symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, fatigue and ringing in the ears. However, it often causes no symptoms.

You should avoid smoking or drinking caffeine (coffee, tea, cola, soft drinks) for at least 30 minutes before you have your blood pressure taken, and you should be seated for at least five minutes before. If your blood pressure is high, your doctor should examine your eyes, heart and nervous system to look for brain damage. He or she also should perform various tests to see if the hypertension has caused organ damage, including blood tests to check kidney function, and an electrocardiogram (ECG) to look for thickening of the heart muscle, reduced blood flow to your heart or irregular heart rhythms. Your doctor will diagnose you with hypertension if your blood pressure measures more than 140/90 mmHg on three consecutive visits over several months.

Adults generally should have their blood pressure measured at least every few years. You should schedule regular appointments with your doctor for blood pres­sure monitoring and for advice about modifying your lifestyle to prevent problems in the future.

Snoring is caused by a narrowing or partial blockage of your airways at the back of the mouth and upper throat. This obstruction results in increased air turbu­lence when breathing in, causing the soft tissues in your throat to vibrate. The end result is a noisy snore that can disrupt the sleep of your bed partner. This narrowing of the airways is typically caused by the soft palate, tongue, and throat relaxing while you sleep, but allergies or sinus problems can also contribute to a narrowing of the airways, as being overweight and having extra soft tissue around your upper airways. Sleep apnea is a serious sleep disorder, and its hallmark is loud, frequent snoring linked to intermittent brief pauses in breathing while sleeping.

Snoring also increases the risk of developing diabetes and heart disease. One study found that women who snored regularly were twice as likely as those who did not snore to develop diabetes, even if they were not overweight — another risk factor for diabetes. Other studies suggest persistent snoring may raise the lifetime risk of developing high blood pressure, heart failure and stroke.

Health professionals define "overweight" as an excess amount of body weight that includes muscle, bone, fat and water. Measuring the exact amount of a person's body fat is not easy. Obesity occurs when a person consumes more calories than he or she burns. What causes this imbalance between calories in and calories out may differ from one person to another. Genetic, environmental, psychological and other factors may all play a part.

Several serious medical conditions have been linked to obesity, including type 2 diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure and stroke. Obesity is also linked to higher rates of certain types of cancer. Obese men are more likely than non-obese men to die from cancer of the colon, rectum or prostate. Obese women are more likely than non-obese women to die from cancer of the gallbladder, breast, uterus, cervix or ovaries.

The method of treatment depends on your level of obesity, overall health con­dition and motivation to lose weight. Treatment may include a combination of diet, exercise, behavior modification and sometimes weight-loss drugs. In some cases of severe obesity, gastrointestinal surgery may be recommended. In recent years, body mass index (BMI) has become the medical standard used to measure over­weight and obesity. BMI uses a mathematical formula based on a person's height and weight. BMI equals weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared (BMI = kg/m²). Although the BMI ranges are not exact ranges of healthy and un­healthy weight, they are useful guidelines. A BMI of 25 to 29.9 indicates a person is overweight. A person with a BMI of 30 or higher is considered obese.

2. Are the statements true or false? Correct the false ones.

- Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg).

- Snoring decreases the risk of developing diabetes and heart disease.

- Professionals define "overweight" as an excess amount of body weight that includes muscle, bone, fat, and water.

-Diastolic pressure is the higher number.

-The end result is a noisy snore that can disrupt the sleep of your bed partner.

- If you have high blood pressure you are at greater risk of having a heart at­tack, stroke, kidney failure and blindness.

-If your blood pressure is high, your doctor should examine your eyes, heart and nervous system to look for brain damage.

3. Explain each item in the context of the text.

- Blood pressure.

^- Diastolic pressure.

-Snoring.

- Obesity.

- Systolic pressure.

- BMI.

4. Comment the English proverbs:

- Good health is above wealth.

- A sound mind in a sound body.

- He who has health has hope, and he who has hope has everything.

-The best of healers is good cheer. (Pindar)

- Perfect health, like perfect beauty, is a rare thing, and so, it seems, is per feet disease. (Peter Latham)

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Дата добавления: 2015-10-31