D Gotand gotten

Both have and have got are used in Britain and in the US.

He has a lot of money./He's got a lot of money. (= He is rich.)

The British do not use gotten. In the US, have gotten expresses an action.

He's made a lot of money from his business He's gotten/made a lot of money from his

activities. business activities.

Americans also use gotten meaning 'become'.
Your driving has got better. Your driving has gotten better.

E Negatives and questions with have (Unit 31)

In Britain there are two different structures. Americans normally use the auxiliary do.

I haven't (got) enough time. I don't have enough time.

or I don't have enough time.

Has Carol got a computer? Does Carol have a computer?

or Does Carol have a computer?

In the past tense, did is usual in both countries. We didn't have tickets.

F Emphatic do (Unit 33C)

The British can use do with an imperative for Do with an imperative is less common in the

emphasis. US.

Have a piece of cake. Have a piece of cake.

or Do have a piece of cake.

G Do for an action

The British can use do to refer to an action Americans do not use do in this way.

already mentioned.

I don't practise as often as I should (do). I don't practice as often as I should.

You'd better take your pill. ~ I already have You'd better take your pill. ~ I already have.

Done).

H Question tags (Unit 42)

Both the British and the Americans can use question tags when talking about facts.

Blackpool is in Lancashire, isn't it? Las Vegas is in Nevada, isn't it?

But in general Americans use tags much less often than the British. They do not use tags to persuade or to argue. A sentence like You aren't listening to me, are you? is British but not American. But Americans often use right? and OK? as tags.

I'll bring the luggage in, shall I? I'll bring the baggage in, OK?

I Can't and mustn't (Unit 46C)

The British use can't to say that something is Americans can also use mustn't to say that

impossible. something is impossible.

I rang, but there's no reply. They can't be at I called, but there's no reply. They can't be

home. home./They mustn't be home.

J Needn't and don't need to (Unit 48)

The British can use either form. Americans do not normally use needn't.

You needn't see the inspector. You don't need to see the inspector.
OR You don't need to see the inspector.

K Group nouns (Unit 81B)

In Britain a group noun can usually take either a In the US a group noun takes a singular verb,

singular or a plural verb. The crowd was getting restless.

The crowd was/were getting restless. Sweden plays Germany tomorrow.

Sweden plays/play Germany tomorrow.

L The (Unit 86C and 87A)

The British use the with a musical instrument. Americans can leave out the.

/ can play the piano. I can play piano/play the piano.

The British say in hospital. Americans say in the hospital.

My sister is still in hospital. My sister is still in the hospital.

M Numbers

The British use and between hundred and the Americans can leave out and.

rest of the number. six hundred twenty

six hundred and twenty or six hundred and twenty

N Dates

There are a number of different ways of writing and saying dates, but these are the most common.

BRITISH AMERICAN

23 June June 23

'the twenty-third of June' 'June twenty-third'

'June the twenty-third'

The British write 23.6.98, and Americans write 6.23.98.

0 You and one (Unit 98C)

The British use you for people in general, Americans use you for people in general. One is

including the speaker. In more formal English unusual,
they can use one.

You/One can't be too careful You can't be too careful.

P Somewhere and someplace (Unit 103)

In informal American English, everyplace, someplace, anyplace and no place can be used as well as everywhere, somewhere, etc.

Let's find somewhere to eat. Let's find somewhere/someplace to eat.

Q Adjectives and adverbs (Unit 108)

In informal speech we can sometimes use an adjective form instead of an adverb. Americans do this more than the British.

We had some really nice weather. We had some really nice/some real nice

weather.
It certainly doesn't make things any easier. It certainly/sure doesn't make things any easier.

R Prepositions (Units 118-126)

There are some differences in prepositions.

BRITISH AMERICAN

round/around the village around the village

towards/toward the west toward the west

looking out of the window looking out the window/out of the window

outside the town outside the town/outside of the town

In American English there is a special use of through as a preposition of time.

He'll be on the road from Tuesday to/till He'll be on the road (from) Tuesday through

Friday. Friday.

They will stay in Brighton until the end of They will stay in Miami through April.

April.

Note the prepositions after different.

BRITISH AMERICAN

This cup is different from/to the others. This cup is different from/than the others.
Compare these expressions.

BRITISH AMERICAN

in Bond Street on Fifth Avenue

at the weekend, at weekends on the weekend, on weekends

stay at home stay home

a player in the team a player on the team

ten minutes past four ten minutes past/after four

twenty to seven twenty to/of seven

write to me write me/write to me

talk to someone talk to/with someone

meet someone meet with someone

S In case (Unit 148D)

In case can have different meanings.

BRITISH AMERICAN

Take an umbrella in case it rains. In case you're sick, you should call the office.

(= because it may rain) (= if you're sick)

T Go and...

Americans can leave out and from this structure.

I'll go and buy the tickets. I'll go buy/I'll go and buy the tickets.

U The subjunctive

We can use expressions like I suggest that... and It's important that... to talk about what we want to happen. Look at these examples.

BRITISH AMERICAN

Tim's parents have suggested that he gets a Tim's parents have suggested that he get a job.

job/that he should get a job. It's important that everything go according to

It's important that everything goes/everything plan.

should go according to plan.

The British normally use the present simple or Americans normally use a form called the

should. (They use the subjunctive only in formal 'subjunctive', e.g. get, go.
English.)

V Irregular verbs

In the past tense some verbs can have either an irregular t ending or the regular ed ending. These verbs are burn, learn, smell, spell, spill and spoil.

The British prefer the t ending, although ed is Americans normally use the ed ending,
also possible.

They burnt/burned the old sofa. They burned the old sofa.

You've spelt/spelled this word wrong. You've spelled this word wrong.

But we say e.g. a slice of burnt toast in both British and American English.
In Britain the verbs dream, lean and leap can be regular, or they can have a t ending.
I dreamt/dreamed about you. I dreamed about you.

These three forms ending in t have the vowel sound /e/. For example, dreamt is pronounced /dremt/, and dreamed is pronounced /dri:md/.

The verb dive is regular in Britain but can be irregular in the US.

Craig dived into the water. Craig dived/dove into the water.

Appendix 6: Irregular verbs

VERB PAST TENSE PAST/PASSIVE

PARTICIPLE

arise arose arisen

be was, were been

bear bore borne

beat beat beaten

become became become

begin began begun

bend bent bent

bet bet bet

betted

bind bound bound

bite bit bitten

bit

bleed bled bled

blow blew blown

break broke broken

breed bred bred

bring brought brought

broadcast broadcast broadcast

build built built

burn burnt burnt

burned burned

burst burst burst

buy bought bought

catch caught caught

choose chose chosen

come came come

cost cost cost

creep crept crept

cut cut cut

deal dealt dealt

dig dug dug

dive dived dived

dove (us)

do did done

draw drew drawn

dream dreamt dreamt

dreamed dreamed

drink drank drunk

drive drove driven

eat ate eaten

fall fell fallen

feed fed fed

feel felt felt

fight fought fought

VERB PAST TENSE PAST/PASSIVE

PARTICIPLE

find found found

flee fled fled

fly flew flown

forbid forbad(e) forbidden

forget forgot forgotten

forgive forgave forgiven

freeze froze frozen

get got got

gotten (us)

give gave given

go went gone

grind ground ground

grow grew grown

hang hung hung

have had had

hear heard heard

hide hid hidden

hit hit hit

hold held held

hurt hurt hurt

keep kept kept

kneel knelt knelt

know knew known

lay laid laid

lead led led

lean leant leant

leaned leaned

leap leapt leapt

leaped leaped

learn learnt learnt

learned learned

leave left left

lend lent lent

let let let

lie lay lain

light lit lit

lighted lighted

lose lost lost

make made made

mean meant meant

meet met met

mow mowed mown

mowed

VERB PAST TENSE PAST/PASSIVE

PARTICIPLE

pay paid paid

put put put

read read read

ride rode ridden

ring rang rung

rise rose risen

run ran run

say said said

see saw seen

seek sought sought

sell sold sold

send sent sent

set set set

sew sewed sewn

sewed

shake shook shaken

shine shone shone

shoot shot shot

show showed shown

showed

shrink shrank shrunk

shrunk

shut shut shut

sing sang sung

sink sank sunk

sit sat sat

sleep slept slept

slide slid slid

smell smelt smelt

smelled smelled

speak spoke spoken

speed sped sped

speeded speeded

spell spelt spelt

spelled spelled

spend spent spent

spill spilt spilt

spilled spilled

spin spun spun

spit spat spat

split split split

spoil spoilt spoilt

spoiled spoiled

spread spread spread

spring sprang sprung

VERB PAST TENSE PAST/PASSIVE

PARTICIPLE

stand stood stood

steal stole stolen

stick stuck stuck

sting stung stung

stink stank stunk

stunk

stride strode stridden

strike struck struck

swear swore sworn

sweep swept swept

swim swam swum

swing swung swung

take took taken

teach taught taught

tear tore torn

tell told told

think thought thought

throw threw thrown

tread trod trodden

understand understood understood

wake woke woken

waked waked

wear wore worn

weave wove woven

weaved weaved

weep wept wept

win won won

wind wound wound

write wrote written

The verbs in this list are also irregular when they have a prefix, e.g. overtake - overtook - overtaken, foretell - foretold - foretold.

A few verbs have irregular present simple forms:

VERB PRESENT SIMPLE

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