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2.1 Theory B. James (1842-1910) - American psychologist, one of the first started to develop the problem scientifically.
Studied personality within their own concept of consciousness, the central concept of which is "stream of consciousness". In consciousness distinguished two aspects of "empirical me" and "pure me" (or an object and a subject).
"Empirical Me" – an object - what is perceived
"Pure Me" – a subject - that perceives.
Considering, "empirical me" - a person interprets as the total amount of all that she can call as their own: 1) components, 2) feelings and emotions caused by these elements (self-esteem), and 3) actions caused by these elements (self-regard and self-preservation).
Personality has components that are divided into three classes:
1) a corporeity includes bodily organization, clothes, a father and a mother, a wife and children. (When someone dies, a part of ourselves disappears. Either we ashamed of bad things of relatives, we are worried, such as we are at their place).
"Home house", property of a man, handiwork.
2) Social identity is determined by a person belonging to the human race and the recognition of others.
3) Spiritual Personality – a union of states of consciousness, specific spiritual abilities and qualities. Feelings and emotions characterize the identity on the part of her self-esteem (there are 2 types - complacency and dissatisfactory), it is given support by two opposit classes of feelings are associated with success and failure follow.
Separate parts of identity strike against and contradict to each other. Complacency of personality due to correlation between realized and potential abilities.
Self-esteem = Success
Demand
By this formula rejection of claims gives personality as desired appeasement as well as implementation and success. Well-being of a man depends on the individuum, his successes and aspirations.
W. James introduces the concept of a hierarchy of personalities: the physical personality
spiritual personality
material and social personalities
physical personality
Spiritual personality is to be the highest value to humans.
W. James believes pure "I" (that perceives) - is a cogitative subject, soul, spirit, mind.
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| Individuum - a human biological basis of personality development in certain social conditions (Trofimov). | | | Descriptive Psychology W. Dilthey (1833-1911) and E. Spranger (1882-1963) |