To set p place and time
To invite friends
To buy food & drinks
To make sandwiches
To make a fire
To sing, play games, laugh, tell jokes
To put out the fire
To collect litter
To feel tired but glad
Ø Scenario / scenario frame
l Standard sequence of events, recurrent situation:
Situation dependence
Conventionality
Situational memory
Generalized events memory
l Examples: Shopping at a supermarket, Presentation of a PhD dissertation. Seminar at the university/ Final exam / A lesson at school
l Concept
Concept: WORLD
Ancient / modern world
Real/ ideal/ perfect world
Travel around the world, parts of the world
Western world, Arab world, developed world, industrialized world, English speaking world
The world of children, Disneyland, natural world
Business world, academic world, the world of politics
l
Concept: LOVE
Affection Fondness Admiration
Desire Passion
Love at first sight Date
Kiss, French kiss Affair
Sincere love Parental love Blind love
Everlasting love Unrequited love
Homosexual love
Love-hate relationships Forgiveness
love in a cottage
l Prototype
l Prototype is a general idea about some item of reality, collective general image with characteristics typical of all objects of majority
Bachelor – How old is he? Might be?
26? 72?
Confirmed, eligible, dying in the wool
Is monk a bachelor?
Is Pope a bachelor?
Celibacy = bachelorhood?
Widow - the one who murdered her husband?
Cyberwidow, golf/ football widow grasswidow,
Mother - working, genetic, surrogate?
l Cognitive reference points & prototypes - subcategories or category members that have a special cognitive status - that of being “the best example” (George Lakoff, Eleanor Rosch)
l Mother - working, genetic, surrogate?
Full time mother
Stay-at-home mother
VS
Stay-at-home father
Househusband
NB!!! Housewives VS househusband ___
l Wife
l Husband
Lord & master
His lordship
Old man
Husby
Hubby
Husband-in-law (your ex-wife’s new husband)
Common-law husband
House-husband
Work husband (a man with whom a woman has a platonic intimacy at work)
Husbad (a husband gone bad)
Husbeen (a man who is married to a successful woman and who has not got much of an identity himself)
Eleonor Rosch has demonstrated that humans tend to label visual objects at an easily accessible semantic level termed as
l “basic level” (e.g. chair), as opposed to more specific level
l “sub-ordinate level”, e.g. kitchen chair), or more general level
l “super-ordinate level” (e.g. furniture).
Superordinate – basic level
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