Контрольная работа №2. включает: спряжение глаголов в действительном и страдательном залогах (Simple

включает: спряжение глаголов в действительном и страдательном залогах (Simple, Progressive, Perfect, Perfect Progressive Tenses), модалные глаголы, типы вопросительных предложений, устный и письменный перевод текстов.

Задание I

Упражнение 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст устно.

Social Morality, Rules and Laws

The word "law" refers to limits upon various forms of behaviour. Some laws are descriptive: they simply describe how people usually behave. Other laws are prescriptive - they prescribe how people ought to behave.

In all societies, relations between people are regulated by prescriptive laws. Some of them are customs - that is, informal rules of social and moral behaviour. Some are rules we accept if we belong to particular social institutions, such as religious, educational and cultural groups. And some laws are made by nations and enforced against all citizens within their power.

The rules of social institutions are more formal than customs. They carry penalties for those who break them. However, they are not enforced by any political authority.

Customs need not be made by governments, and they need not be written down. We learn how we should behave in society through the instruction of family and teachers, the advice of friends, and our own experience. Sometimes we can break these rules and do not suffer any penalty. But if we continually break these rules, other members of society may criticize us, act violenty' towards us or refuse to have anything to do with us. The ways in which people talk, eat, drink, work and relax together arc usually guided by many informal rules which have very little to do with laws created by governments.

But when governments make laws for their citizens they use a system of courts backed by the power of the police. Government-made laws are nevertheless often patterned upon informal rules of conduct which already exist in society and relations between people are regulated by a combination of all these rules.

Упражнение 2. Выпишите из текста английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний:

Формы поведения; обычаи; нормы социальных институтов; нарушать нормы; проводить законы в жизнь; терпеть наказание; создавать законы; система судов; члены общества; быть сделанным по образцу; существовать; власть полиции.

Упражнение 3. Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы по тексту:

What does the word "law" refer to?

What is the difference between descriptive and prescriptive laws?

What are customs?

Where do we learn informal rules of social behaviour?

What do governments use when they make laws for citizens?

What are government-made laws often patterned upon?

Задание II

Выполните письменно следующие грамматические упражнения.

Упражнение 1. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в страдательном залоге.

The members of the Supreme Court (to appoint) by the Government.

The accused (to find) guilty by the jury.

The UNO (to found) in 1944 when the second World War was coming to its end.

Trespassers (to prosecute).

A good marriage (to base on) trust.

The house (to mortgage) by him last year in order to start a business.

Sometimes civil rights and civil liberties (to use) interchangeably.

You can claim your money back if the goods (to damage).

Most of the criminal and civil cases (to try) by the district courts of the USA.

The police usually (to call) by neighbours.

Упражнение 2. Вставьте модальные глаголы can, may, must.

Jn Japan a lawyer... take lots of exams.

The person... be visited by a legal adviser to ensure properly prepared evidence.

The defendant... not be tried against for the same offence

The laws of the country... be observed by every citizen.

A great number of procedural rules... be memorized.

The verdict... be reached by a simple majority.

A defendant... employ a legal adviser.

If the criteria for detention are not satisiled, the person..be released immediately.

I think he... try to appeal again.

She... be offended if you don't reply to to her invitation.

Упражнение 3. Переведите на русский язык следующие предложения.

Не has been released from prison on probation.

She was prosecuted for exceeding speed limit.

The law must control family relations through legislation.

I can't stand inteference in my private affairs.

Our marriage was dissolved by the divorce county court.

I had to retire on medical grounds.

If evidence is improperly admitted a conviction can be quashed on appeal.

In Great Britain a private person may institute criminal proceedings.

The public needs to be protected from a dangerous offender.

A person can be detained beyond 36 hours if a warrant is obtained from a magistrates' court.

He must not be blamed: it was self-protection.

The city bank was robbed by teenage computer-hackers.

Civil rights declare what the government of the country is obliged to do.

A lot of money was contributed to that independent school by her former husband.

The judicial system in Russia is represented by many courts.

Задание III

Составьте рассказ, ответив на следующие вопросы:

What is Khabarovsk?

Where is Khabarovsk situated?

When was Khabarovsk founded?

Who founded the military post Khabarovka?

When was Khabarovka turned into Khabarovsk?

What is the population of Khabarovsk?

Is Khabarovsk a large industrial centre?

What educational institutions are there in Khabarovsk?

Khabarovsk is a large cultural centre, isn't it?

Why do thousands of tourists come to Khabarovsk every year'?

Задание IV

Переведите письменно следующий текст:

Jury Service

The right to trial by a jury is one of the most important rights of the American people and is guaranteed by the Constitution of the United States. By serving on a jury one helps to guarantee the most important freedoms.

The job of a juror is to listen to all the evidence presented at trial and to "decide the facts" - that is to decide what really happened. The judge, on the other hand "decides the law" - that is, makes decisions on legal issues that come up during the trial. For example, the judge may have to decide whether one or the other juror may hear certain evidence or whether one lawyer may ask a witness a certain question. A juror should not try to decide these legal issues, sometimes he will even be asked to leave the courtroom while they are being discussed.

Both the juror's job and that of the judge must be done well if the system of trial by jury is to work. To do the job of a juror one does not need any special knowledge or ability. A juror has to keep an open mind, concentrate on the evidence being presented, use his common sense, and be fair and honest. Finally, he should not be influenced by sympathy or prejudice: it is vital that he should be impartial with regard to all people and all ideas.

Many jurors find it exciting to learn about this most important
system "from the inside", and challenging to deal fairly and thoroughly
with the cases they hear.

Вопросы к зачету в 2 семестре

Студент должен подготовить к зачету монологические высказывания (топики) по устным разговорным темам и быть готовым к собеседованию по этим темам:

а) «Хабаровский край»

б) «Хабаровск»

Контрольные вопросы по теме «Хабаровский край»:

Where is the Khabarovsk Territory situated?

What is the total area of the territory?

What regions does the Khabarovsk Territory boder on?

How can the climate of the territory be defined?

What is the population of the territory?

What biological resources is the territory rich in?

How many big and small rivers are there in the territory?

What mineral resourses is the territory rich in?

Контрольные вопросы по теме «Хабаровск»:

When was Khabarovsk founded?

Where is Khabarovsk situated?

What is the population of the city?

What is the productive potential of Khabarovsk?

What can you say about Khabarovsk as:

industrial centre,

educational centre,

cultural centre?

Литература:

Белинская Г.П. English:Учебное пособие по развитию навыков устной речи. - ДВАГС. - Хабаровск, 2003,2005. // Войнаровская Ж.В., Гапонова Г.Я., Дыбова Е.П., Лесникова Н.А., Пичугина Е.И.

Белинская Г.П., Будо А.Е., Пичугина Е.И. Изучаем Basic English: Учебное пособие. – ДВАГС. - Хабаровск, 2005.

Гапонова Г.Я., Пичугина Е.И. Сборник упражнений по основным разделам грамматики английского языка. – ДВАГС. – Хабаровск, 2006.

Войнаровская Ж.В., Гапонова Г. Я. Методические указания для студентов 1 курса заочной формы обучения по специальности «Юриспруденция»– ДВАГС. – Хабаровск, 2005.

Немировская Э.А. и др. Английский язык для юристов. Учебное пособие для студентов вузов, обучающихся по специальности»Юриспруденция», Москва, 2008.

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