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The first approach lists genres of newspaper writing into two large groups. They are news articles and analysis articles (or analytical articles). The first group encompasses two genres – news articles proper and brief news items. The second group embraces five major genres:
- a feature article,
- an editorial,
- a column,
- an op-ed (opposite the editorial),
- letters to the editor.
Russian linguists (I. Galperin being one of them) list the following newspaper genres: brief news and communiqués; editorials; press reports; articles purely informative in character; advertisements and announcements.
Genres of print media
News articles generally follow an inverted pyramid structure for conveying information about a current event, incident, or issue of public interest.
The first sentence of the article, or the lead, gives the most important facts (Who? What?), and the following paragraphs present, in descending order of importance, the details of the event, incident, or issue (Where? When? How? Why?).
The format is valued because readers can leave the story at any point and understand it, even if they don’t have all the details.
A news article strives to remain objective and uses neutral language while presenting a diversity of opinions, voices, and perspectives of the event, incident, or issue under discussion.
The function of brief news items is to inform the reader. They state only facts without giving comment. The bulk of their vocabulary is neutral and common literary.
A feature story (a feature article, or simply a feature) is less time-sensitive than news articles, and may describe selected issue in-depth (people, places, or events of general interest to the public).
As print media faces ever stiffer competition from other sources of news, feature stories are becoming more common as they can be more engaging to read. In many newspapers, news stories are sometimes written in feature style, adopting some of the conventions of feature writing while still covering breaking events.
An editorial is an intermediate phenomenon between the newspaper style and the publicistic style. The function of the editorial is to influence the reader by giving interpretation of certain facts or commentaries on political and social events and happenings of the day.
An op-ed is an abbreviation representing opposite the editorial (page). Op-eds are written for newspaper publication and present the writer's opinion on an issue of current public interest. They are concise enough to appear in 2-3 columns of a standard newspaper, and therefore are sharply focused. Unlike editorials, op-eds are always signed.
A column is a recurring piece or article written by a columnist. It meets each of the following criteria: a) it is a regular feature in a publication; b) it is personality-driven by the author; c) it explicitly contains an opinion or point of view.
Letters to the editor (sometimes abbreviated LTTE or LTE), is a piece of writing (e.g. a letter) sent to a publication about issues of concern from its readers. Like op-eds, they present the writer’s opinion on a current topic, and may be based on personal expertise or on research.
The news article formal structure
Every news article comprises the following formal components – a headline, a lead and a by-line.
The headline is placed at the top of the article and indicates its nature. It is followed by a lead (the first sentence of the article that gives the most important facts). The lead is followed by a by-line – the name of the writer of a news story, feature article, or special column.
In some newspapers there are two or more headlines to one article. The second headline is called a subhead.
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| PART I. PRINT MEDIA | | | Practical Tasks |