The subject and the objectives stipulated by the peculiarity of the former

The main subject of cognitive linguistic study focuses on the problem of Concept as a ‘clot’ of Language-cultural Knowledge.

The subject stipulates a series of objectives to be worked out:

1) to distinguish components of Concept;

2) to study appropriateness of forming and integrating components in a concept;

3) to comprehend the structure of Concept;

4) to study the role and value of the linguistic component of Concept;

5) to distinguish types of concepts;

6) to study the function of Concept in forming World Picture;

7) to understand the relevance of Language and Consciousness in the phenomena of Concept, Language Knowledge, System of Cocepts;

8) to comprehend significance of Concept in Human existence, etc.

Prerequisites of forming and stages of developing cognitive linguistic research

Historical background (prerequisites). Cognitive Science is considered to have taken its birth in 1950^th -1960^th in America. In the 50^th there was a symposium on Theory of Information where the question of cognitive studies was touched and in the 60^th the first center of the cognitive research in Harvard University was organized. Cognitive Linguistics refused immanent approach to the subject of language and emphasized its functional active nature. Such attitude echoed one of Cognitive Psychology that denied bringing human vital functions and life activity to only scheme of ‘stimulus – response’ (peculiar to the Method of Behaviorism).

Stages

1. 1975, America (Cognitive Grammar)

Cognitive Linguistics focuses its study on Cognitive Grammar. Grammar of a language, being understood as a reflection of cognitive organization, is considered to fix central concepts that are reflected in vocabulary. It is comprehended as a ground which organizes cognitive reflecting the reality.

Basic concepts of Action, Agent of it (who does an action), Object to which an action is directed are said to be the proprieties of any language grammatical organization and, thus, they are certain universal concepts, appropriate to any human cognition.

2. 1980^th-1990^th, Europe (using the data of Cognitive Grammar (1^st stage); concentrating on means of getting knowledge from Text)

Perception and processing information during the speech outcome (text) form the main field of interest. The problem of means of getting information (knowledge) from Text and ways of comprehending it is raised.

Concept is seen as a definite core of Text which organizes the linguistic form of the latter. Interpretation of a text leads to distinguishing and understanding the central concept of it and / or the system of its concepts.

3. 1990^th, Russia (Cognitive Semantics, Language Picture of the World formation)

Cognitive Linguistics is understood more as Cognitive Semantics than Cognitive Grammar. Vocabulary is more important in studying concepts. Problem of the Language Picture of the World’s formation is raised (concept as a product of cognition and language in reflecting the reality).

Studying the semantics of a concept through the analysis of language form of concept’s realization leads to comprehending the essence and peculiarities of a concept.

4. The beginning of the 21^st century, both Eastern and Western sciences (categorization and generalization of the achieved knowledge and formation of a general conception).

The stage is characterized with analyzing the obtained in the result of cognitive linguistic research knowledge, conceptualizing it and forming certain general conception of Cognitive Linguistic as a science.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-14