Scheme of the analysis

1. Psycho-semantic aspect: what morphological category (categories) predominate in the speech of a person can reveal his preferences in behaviour and communication.

- The verb: dynamic – activity and practical actions (norm), anxiety and nervousness (problem);

- the noun: static – reflection and contemplation;

- the adjective: fluidity – reflection and contemplation;

- the adverb: emotionality of different types.

Not only the predominating category matters but the semantics of its words too.

2. Psycholinguistic aspect: the ratio of morphological categories reflects personal emotive-cognitive inclinations in communication and behaviour.

- The ratio of the verbs’ number to the adjectives’ number in the unit of speech (the coefficient of Treiger): reflects the ratio of the inclination to active behaviuor versus the inclination to reflection and contemplating. Thus, it shows the level of emotional stability and the character of emotional regulation.

- The ratio of the verbs’ number to the nouns’ number in the unit of speech (the coefficient of activity subjecting): characterizes the level of socialization, readiness for activity, thinking (analyzing) and reflection.

- The frequency of the adverbs and modals appearing in the unit of speech (coefficient of dominating): analysis of their semantics (on the ground of the frequency) shows personal inclinations to domineering, subordinating or submission, conforming, compromising, cooperating personal strategies of communication and behaviour.

3. Syntactic aspect: the study of syntactic complex:

- syntactic units (text, sentence, clause, complex, expression, phrase);

- syntactic connections (word forms, endings and suffixes, prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliary words, pronouns, etc.);

- syntactic relations (simple, complex or compound sentence and members of the sentence or the clause; subordination and sequence of the members; the Mood).

The study of the text implies:

- syntactic correctness and completeness;

- semantic and syntactic correspondence;

- semantic completeness of the utterance.

The study of the sentence (with its components) implies:

- the preference to simple or complex structure;

- completeness or incompleteness;

- extended or not extended structure;

- complicated with additional constructions or not;

- types of relations;

- connected with or without conjunctions;

- prevailed word-order (direct or inverted);

- means of syntactic connection.

4. Paralinguistic aspect: refers to the emotional (or psycho-somatic) state of a speaker:

a. Tempo (speed): 60 – 100 words per minute is regarded to be the norm; increase – anxiety, alcohol or drug influence; decrease – tendency to depression;

b. Basic tone, loudness: 50 – 80 decibel is considered to be the norm; increase – excitation, alcohol or drug influence; decrease – tendency to depression;

c. Timbre: high tone frequency – anxiety, excitation, alcohol or drug influence; low tone frequency – tendency to depression;

d. Melodiousness (melody): frequent pauses can show inclination to depression (short pauses – around 3 seconds (OK), longer – about 4-7 seconds (there can be a problem), more that 7 seconds (definitely a problem));

e. Character of feeling pauses:

f. General character of speech sounding: longevity (too long – tendency to depression); phonetic intelligibility (fused and indecipherable speech – anxiety, excitation); intensification (of vowels – tendency to depression; of consonants – anxiety and nervousness).

5. Pragmatic aspect: reveals the attitude of a speaker (a sender):

- to reality;

- to the context of a message;

- to the addressee.

The structure of a speech act includes 3 components:

- illocution (the aim of a speaker): assertives (statements, reports, notification, etc.); directives (orders, demands, requests, permission, forbiddance, recommendations, advice, etc.): co-missives (promises, threatens, obligations, assurance, guaranties, oath, etc.); declaratives (announcements, decisions, etc.); expressives (gratitude, apologies, congratulations, condolences, complains, praises, lamentations, etc.).

- locution (delivery): is stipulated by the character of speech semantic feeling and depends on the considered above psycho-semantic, psycholinguistic and paralinguistic aspects;

- per-locution (the result of a speech impact on the addressee): is formed out on the ground of the following moments’ evaluation: the aim of a message defining; evaluation of the personal (addressee’s) emotive context and defining the main communicative motive of a speaker (a sender); correspondence of the prognosticated by a speaker (a sender) effect to the real achieved one.

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Дата добавления: 2015-11-14