Task 4. Use the notes and write a paragraph about a microscope. Tell about its use and its structure.

Use: to enlarge the image

Eyepiece Lens: the lens at the top that you look through.

Tube: connects the eyepiece to the objective lenses

Arm: supports the tube and connects it to the base

Base: the bottom of the microscope, used for support

Illuminator: a steady light source (110 volts) used in place of a mirror.

Stage: the flat platform where you place your slides.

Revolving Nosepiece or Turret: this is the part that holds two or more objective lenses and can be rotated to easily change power.

Objective Lenses: Usually you will find 3 or 4 objective lenses on a microscope.

Rack Stop: this is an adjustment that determines how close the objective lens can get to the slide.

Function 13. HOW TO comment on a visual aid

v Виды визуальной информации.

A flowchart is a type of diagram that represents an algorithm or process, showing the steps as boxes of various kinds, and their order by connecting these with arrows or lines.
A pie chart is a circular chart divided into sectors each of whose length (consequently its central angle and area), is proportional to the quantity it represents.
A bar chart or bar graph is a chart with rectangular bars with lengths proportional to the values that they represent. The bars can be plotted vertically or horizontally. A vertical bar chart is sometimes called a column bar chart.
A line chart depicts changes over a period of time, showing data and trends in lines or curves
A table is a means of arranging data in rows and columns.
A histogram is a graphical representation showing a visual impression of the distribution of data.
A function graph means the graphical representation of the collection of ordered pairs, in the form of a curve on a Cartesian plane (координатная плоскость), together with Cartesian axes, etc.
A scatter plot or scattergraph is a type of mathematical diagram using Cartesian coordinates to display values for two variables for a set of data which is displayed in a collection of points.
An exploded view drawing is a diagram, picture or technical drawing of an object, that shows the components of an object slightly separated by distance, or suspended in surrounding space in the case of a three-dimensional exploded diagram.
A picture or photograph of something. It can show the main parts of an object or some phenomenon. It can also show some setup for an experiment etc.
Other types (population density map, train diagram, Venn diagram, illustrative drawing etc.)

v Фразы для начала комментария

I’d like you to take a look at this bar chart (histogram, etc), which shows … If you look at this graph/etc., you’ll see that … The numbers in this table show how … As you can see from this pie chart … Just have a look at this line chart for a moment … Let’s take a closer look at these figures…

v Если вам необходимо прокомментировать структуру устройства и рассказать о его составных частях, обратитесь к Function 11 “HOW TO describe a thing.” Если необходимо прокомментировать процесс, изображенный на рисунке, обратитесь к Function 14 “HOW TO describe a process.”

v Если необходимо рассказать об основных тенденциях, изображенных на графиках, есть основные направления – 1) подъем (rise), 2) падение (drop), 3)неизменность (steadiness).

Rise (рост, повышение)	Drop (падение, снижение)	Steadiness (неизменность)
a noun	a verb	a noun	a verb	a noun	a verb
	climb	decline	decline	no change	not change
upswing	go up	decrease	decrease		remain constant
rise	rise	dip	dip		remain steady
increase	increase	drop	drop		stay the same
lift	lift	fall	fall	stability	keep stable
peak	reach a peak	downswing	go down		hold constant
		plunge	plunge
		collapse	collapse

Изменения могут быть большие/резкие или незначительные/слабые

Adjective	Adverb
slight	slightly
gradual	gradually
steady	steadily
steep	steeply
sharp	sharply
sudden	suddenly
fast	fast
rapid	rapidly
dramatic	dramatically
little	a little

An EXAMPLE COMMENT:

Let’s take a closer look at this line chart. The x axisof this graph shows the twelve months of the past year while our sales in millions of dollars appear on the y axis. It may be seen clearly that sales rose steadily in the first half of the year (from January to May) and reached their peakin June. Then they dropped off in July and levelled out in August. After rising sharply during September, they suffered a dramatic fall in October but then made a significant recovery in November. However, the year ended with a slight downturn.

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