Task 6. Write the description of three objects which you deal with in your studies.

Function 12. HOW TO define a thing and explain its use and structure

v Если вы хотите более расширенно описать предмет, давая ему определение и упоминая о его предназначении и структуре, стоит начать с отнесения его к более общей группе, к которой он принадлежит (a device, a thing, a tool, a liquid, a machine etc.)

is/are is defined as can be defined as denotes

by … we mean by … is meant in other words refer to

e.g. a) A vacuum tube refers to a device for controlling electric current through a vacuum in a sealed container.

b) A device with two active elements is called a diode, usually used for rectification.

c) By Microwaves we mean radio waves with wavelengths ranging from as long as one meter to as short as one millimeter.

v Вы также может дать определение предмету, используя определительные придаточные предложения, начиная со слов who/that для людей, which/that для предметов и животных, where для мест, when для периодов времени.

e.g. a) An engineer is a professional in engineering who (that) uses his scientific knowledge, mathematics and ingenuity to develop solutions for technical problems.

b) A diagram is a graphic form which (that) represents some information according to some visualization technique.

c) A laboratory is a facility where researchers and scientists can perform experiments, measurements and research.

v При составлении предложений-определений можно использовать как активный так и пассивный залог.

e.g. a) Microwaves can be used to transmit power over long distances. (Passive Voice)

b) We use microwaves to transmit power over long distances. (Active Voice)

Вместо “to transmit” (to Infinitive) мы можем использовать “for transmitting” (for Gerund).

v При описании структуры предмета можно начинать с его составных частей и после упомянуть предмет, или начать с упоминания предмета, а потом сообщить о его составных частях.

From name to parts	From parts to name
consist of comprise be comprised of be made up of have contain include	make up form constitute be classified as

e.g. a) The radio equipment involved in communication systems includes a transmitter and a receiver.

b) The monitor comprises the display device, circuitry to generate a picture from electronic signals sent by the computer, and an enclosure or case.

c) A typical factory contains hundreds of industrial robots working on fully automated production lines, with one robot for every ten human workers.

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