Topic Activities

1. Learn the following words:

lineup	опознание
a suspect	подозреваемый
direct testimony	прямое свидетельство
proof of guilt	доказательство вины
to depend on	зависеть от чего-либо
to match	подходить
voice	голос
preliminary	предварительный (ая)
to advance	заранее
to observe	наблюдать
to create	доставать
to point out	указывать
to exercise extreme caution	проявлять чрезвычайную осторожность
to influence	влиять
affirmative	утвердительный
to reveal	обнаруживать
to comply	исполнять
to recall	вспомнить

2. Guess the meaning of the following international words:

technique, identify, risk, gesture, public, criminal, photographs, group, procedure.

3. Read the text and answer the following questions:

1. Is lineup a reliable method of the identification of a suspect?

2. How many people may appear together with the suspect in an ordinary lineup?

3. What is a voice lineup?

4. How is preliminary identification carried out?

5. What is there to be done if a suspect refuses to participate in a lineup?

Lineups

(part 1)

The use of lineups and similar techniques for witnesses to identify a suspect is well-established. The value of direct testimony of an eyewitness as proof of guilt is recognized by prosecutors and defend counsel alike. At the same time, all recognize that such evidence, which depends entirely on the witness’s perception and judgment, is subject to peculiar risk of mistake.

In an ordinary lineup the suspect appears with four or five other persons roughly matching the witness’s description of the criminal. The persons in the lineup may by asked to put on an article of clothing, to make gestures or movements, or to repeat words like those that the witness recalls. On rare occasions, if a witness did not see the criminal but heard his voice, there may be “a voice lineup”, in which the witness listens to a number of different voices.

Sometimes it is necessary to obtain a preliminary identification if necessary to establish probable cause. Officers may arrange for a witness to observe a suspect on the street or in his/her place of work, or in any public place; but they must do so in a way that does not create undue risk of mistaken identification. If possible, the witness should be placed where he can observe a number of people, without being told in advance which of them the police suspect. If it is necessary to point out the suspect to the witness, officers should exercise extreme caution not to influence or encourage the witness to make an affirmative identification.

Police often ask an eyewitness to examine photographs of a group of suspects. This procedure may be essential if a particular suspect has not been identified or there is not probable cause for an arrest and no opportunity can be arranged for the witness to observe a suspect in public. Unlike a lineup, a photographic display can be duplicated afterwards, so that any unfairness in the choice or presentation of photographs can be revealed.

If a suspect refuses to participate in a lineup, police should not force him to comply. The use of force at a lineup is particularly to be avoided because it makes a lineup unreliable.

4. Match the following English and Russian equivalents:

1) suspect	a) свидетель
2) unreliable	b) подозреваемый
3) probable cause	c) доказательство вины
4) witness	d) преступник
5) criminal	e) осторожность
6) to avoid	f) наблюдать
7) proof of guilt	g) ошибочная идентификация
8) caution	h) веское основание
9) to observe	i) избегать
10) false identification	j) ненадежный

5. Supply the missing English words:

1. Investigations shall seek to identify victims, recover and preserve evidence, discover (свидетелей), discover cause, location and time of the violation, and to identify perpetrators.

2. Police use direct testimony as (доказательство вины подозревае­мого).

3. Persons taking part in a (опознание) are often asked to put on different clothes, to move and to make gestures.

4. Preliminary identification is carried out to establish (основание для ареста).

5. (Особая осторожность) should be exercised (для избежания) false identification.

6. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the Passive Voice:

1. Different techniques are used to identify a suspect.

2. The identification of a suspect is being carried out.

3. Mr. B. was asked to have a “voice lineup”.

4. The suspect was observed from the shop on the opposite side of the road.

5. A number of photographs have been examined by an eyewitness.

7. Open the brackets and use the required form of the verb:

1. Through the glass door detective Morgan (to see) his chief who (to talk).

2. The suspect already (to cross) the road and (to be ready) to get on the bus.

3. “Listen carefully. I am sure you (not to make) a mistake this time”, said detective Morgan giving me the receiver.

4. “Look! All the people taking part in a line up (to wear) evening clothes”, told him a detective.

SPEAKING

Discussion:

10 Why is a lineup so important in the process of investigation? Is this method reliable?

Дата добавления: 2015-11-14