Topic Activities

1. Learn the following words:

hijacking	захват самолета
aircraft	самолет
assassination	(заказное) убийство
urban	городской
concern	озабоченность
intention	цель, намерение
violence	насилие
fear	страх
random	хаотичный
vicinity	близость, соседство
bystander	прохожий
worth	ценность
to undermine	подрывать
abduction	похищение
to spread	распространять
insecurity	ненадежность (отсутствие безопасности)
to enforce	заставлять, принуждать
obedience	послушание
loyalty	верность
to ensure	гарантировать
to gain	получить, завладеть
kidnapping for ransom	похищение людей с целью получения выкупа
extortion	вымогательство
gambling rake-off	доход от игорных домов
drug trafficking	торговля наркотиками
hostage	заложник
frequently	часто
asset	зд.: ценность

2. Guess the meaning of the following international words:

terrorism – terrorist – to terrorize – terror; international, political, kidnapping, bombing, to constitute, phenomenon, group, revolutionary, organization, ethnic, religious, cultural, focus, category, intention, public, civilization, collective, interest, bank, principal, capital, tactic, generate, position, leader, institution, system, to oppose, practice, discipline.

3. Look through the text and match the underlined English words and expressions with the following Russian equivalents:

захват пассажирского самолета; политическое убийство; террори­стические группы; использование насилия; угроза насилия; безвин­ные прохожие; вид преступления; вселяющая страх; чувство опас­ности; управлять с помощью террора; прибыль с игр; незаконная продажа оружия; заложников продают как имущество.

4. Read the text and answer the following questions:

1. What international crimes constitute a growing concern nowadays?

2. What movements are most terrorist groups associated with?

3. How many broad categories of terrorist crime may be distinguished?

4. What components of terrorist crime create public fear?

5. What is a secondary category of terrorist crime?

Terrorism

From the 1960s, international terrorist crimes, such as the hijacking of passenger aircraft, political assassinations and kidnappings, and urban bombings, constituted a growing phenomenon of increasing concern, especially to Western governments. Most terrorist groups are associated either with revolutionary movements on an international scale or with nationalist movements of particular ethnic, religious, or other cultural focus.

Three broad categories of terrorist crime may be distinguished, not in legal terms, but by intention. Foremost is the use of violence and the threat of violence to create public fear. This may be done by making random attacks to injure or kill anyone who happens to be in the vicinity when an attack takes place. Because such crimes deny, by virtue of their being directed at innocent bystanders, the unique worth of the individual, terrorism is said to be a form of crime that runs counter to all morality and so undermines the foundations of civilization. Another tactic generating fear is the abduction and assassination of heads of state and members of governments in order to make others afraid of taking positions of leadership and so to spread a sense of insecurity. Persons in responsible positions may be abducted or assassinated on the grounds that they are "representatives" of some institution or system to which their assailants are opposed.

A second category of terrorist crime is actual rule by terror. It is common practice for leaders of terrorist organizations to enforce obedience and discipline by terrorizing their own members. A community whose collective interests the terrorist organization claims to serve may be terrorized so that their cooperation, loyalty, and support are ensured. Groups that come to power by this means usually continue to rule by terror.

Third, crimes are committed by terrorist organizations in order to gain the means for their own support. Bank robbery, kidnapping for ransom, extortion, gambling rake-offs (profit skimming), illegal arms dealing, and drug traffickingare among the principal crimes of this nature. In the Middle East, hostages are frequently sold as capital assets by one terrorist group to another.

5. Supply the missing prepositions:

1) to be associated ___ revolutionary movements ___ an international scale;

2) to be ___ the vicinity;

3) terrorism runs counter ___ morality;

4) persons ___ responsible position;

5) to be opposed ___ the state system;

6) to come ___ power;

7) to rule ___ terror;

8) hostages are often sold ___ capital assets ___ one terrorist group ___ another.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-14