Column a Column b

a) society, usually as considered in terms of culture and progress

b) things; items

c) eat; use up

d) nourishing

e) collective name for pepper, cinnamon, ginger, etc.

f) flavours added after cooking, for example salt, mustard, etc.

g) collective name for parsley, mint, dill, etc.

h) inside layer

i) produced in factories

j) not using or doing too much (phrase)

k) light drug which increases bodily or mental activity (two words)

I) discharge from the system

m) too much

n) for any medical reasons (phrase)

EXERCISE 2: Choose the correct answer according to the passage.

1. The feature which such items as spices, condiments, herbs, vinegar, and pickles have

in common is that

A) they are all manufactured rather than natural

B) they can all do harm to the stomach lining

C) each can be classified as a mild stimulant

D) they are not nutritious but give flavouring to food

E) they are not favoured on medical grounds

2. From a medical point of view,

A) there is a close link between the person's age and the amount of alcohol he drinks

B) eating foods that have no nutritive value does nothing but tire out the stomach

C) alcohol isn't considered very harmful when drunk in moderate amounts by adults

D) it is important from a psychological point of view to eat meals that are palatable as well as nutritious

E) tea and coffee are the most significant factors in kidney failure

3. The writer states that

A) the effect of coffee and tea on sleep can vary from person to person

B) manufactured drinks are more harmful than tea and coffee

C) tea, coffee and manufactured drinks are usually consumed more when the person is dieting

D) kidneys are the organs which are affected most when tea and coffee are drunk excessively

E) people should try as much as possible to avoid eating foods lacking nutrient value

EXERCISE 3: Complete the sentences by selecting words from Column B in EXERCISE 1.

1. Ancient ____often worshipped things related to nature, such as the sun, the wind, etc.

2. Many doctors say that wine drunk__________ may actually be beneficial to health, although too much is clearly undesirable.

3. Because of the number of souvenirs he'd bought, his suitcase was ___________heavy and he had to pay an extra charge at the airport check-in.

4. Junk food, such as hamburgers, hot dogs and chips, is a very poor _____________source.

5. The building was totally ____________by fire.

READING 2

THE INVADERS

In the early days of the settlement of Australia, enterprising settlers unwisely introduced the European rabbit. This rabbit had no natural enemies in the Antipodes, so it multiplied incredibly quickly. It overran a whole continent, and caused devastation to herbage which might have maintained millions of sheep and cattle. Scientists discovered that this particular variety of rabbit was susceptible to a fatal virus disease. Trying to create local epidemics of this disease, they found out that there was a type of mosquito which acted as the carrier of this disease and passed it on to the rabbits. So while the rest of the world was trying to get rid of mosquitoes, Australia was encouraging this one. It effectively spread the disease all over the continent and drastically diminished the rabbit population.

EXERCISE 1: Find words or phrases in the passage which mean the same as:

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