Column a Column b

a) four-wheeled covered vehicle pulled by horses

b) arrangement of workers and machines where each worker completes only one

part of the production and then passes it along to another for the next stage

c) the making of something in large quantities

d) in the end; after a time

e) not have; be without

f) no longer used; out-of-date

g) quickly and to a great degree

h) person or company that makes things in factories in large quantities

i) make use of

EXERCISE 2: Choose the correct answer according to the passage.

1. Ford's assembly line system

A) was invented by the Germans Daimler and Benz

B) was reliable and did not need much maintenance

C) is used in almost every factory today

D) became obsolete after nineteen years

E) could put a car together in twelve hours and twenty-seven minutes

2. Henry Ford

A) went bankrupt when sales of his Model-T dropped

B) introduced the system of mass production on an assembly line

C) made profits of only $295 on his first mass-produced car

D) produced the Model-T, which was the first car ever to be built

E) worked in partnership with Daimler and Benz

3. Ford had to cease the production of the Model-T because

A) manufacturing costs had risen to over $1,000

B) he-could not compete with the mass production methods of Daimler and Benz

C) the Model-A was being sold at a much lower price

D) other manufacturers had copied its design

E) the price of more luxurious cars had dropped

EXERCISE 3: Complete the sentences by selecting words from COLUMN B in EXERCISE 1.

1. Prices have risen__________ in the last month and the government is battling to bring the economy under control.

2. Before we start spending money on a new office, perhaps we should see if we can ___________ the space we already have more effectively.

3. Computers and word processors have become so commonplace these days that the traditional typewriter is virtually ______________

4. Although she is quite a good pianist, she ____________________the talent necessary to make a professional career in music.

5. We're saving a small amount of money every month and we hope____________ to have enough to buy a car.

ВАРИАНТ 4

READING 1

ALLERGIC REACTIONS TO COSMETICS

In a recent survey, it was found that 25 percent of the women interviewed reported drying and burning of the skin after using certain soaps, ten percent had eye and nasal irritations after using certain perfumes, and eight percent had cracked lips after using certain lipsticks. The most common symptoms of allergic dermatitis are extremely dry skin, scaling, and redness with swelling and itching. The products most likely to cause this condition are lipstick, nail polish, soap, hair preparations, deodorants, and perfumes. Various drugs are being developed for the relief of allergy sufferers. However, your best help is to convert to a cosmetic product to which you have no harmful reaction. Remember that the product is not at fault or in any way injurious; it is your particular sensitivity to it that creates the problem. A line of hypo-allergenic cosmetics that are relatively free from substances that have been found to create allergic reactions is on the market.

EXERCISE 1: Find words or phrases in the passage which mean the same as:

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