Column a Column b

a) cartoon stories

b) entertainment

c) strictly; securely

d) released

e) state of being conscious

f) create; constitute

g) a launch towards a higher level

h) jump

i) willing

j) chosen on one's own

k) advance; proceed (phrasal verb)

I) motive

m) by himself (phrase)

EXERCISE 2: Choose the correct answer according to the passage.

1. Starting to read to a child at an early age

A) enables him to amuse himself with the comic strips

B) stimulates his wish to read by himself

C) makes it possible for him to select his own books

D) is essential during the preschool period

E) makes him a successful student in elementary school

2. If parents go on reading to the child despite his acquiring this ability

A) they may direct him, even if unconsciously, to appreciate what they themselves do

B) the child can't learn to make a good selection of what to read

C) the child is likely to lack the motivation to read on his own

D) he can never be fluent in reading

E) he becomes a listener rather than a reader

3. Parents are advised

A) to teach the child to read before he starts elementary school

B) to start reading with amusing stories so that the child becomes more interested in reading

C) to leave the child on his own when he no longer gets any pleasure from being read to

D) to stop reading to the child when he starts elementary school so that they don't interfere with the teacher's instructions

E) to stop reading to their child once he has sufficiently acquired reading ability

EXERCISE 3: Complete the sentences by selecting words from Column B in EXERCISE1.

1. All of the money spent by charities comes from ___________________contributions.

2. The cat _____onto the wall, off the other side, and then ran across the neighbour's garden.

3. The children's new toys provided them with hours of ________________

4. Before learning to ________ the letters, young children have to spend a lot of time drawing lines.

5. If you don't fasten the rope _________________, it may come undone.

ВАРИАНТ 7

READING 1

JUST FOR PLEASURE

In all civilizations, articles are consumed that have no nutrient value but make the food more attractive, or give pleasure. Spices, condiments, herbs, vinegar and pickles are used for this purpose. There is no objection to them for the normal stomach, and there is no evidence that they can cause damage to the normal stomach lining. Tea, coffee, manufactured drinks, and alcohol also form part of the diet. They have no nutritive value but add to the pleasure of a meal, in moderation. Tea and coffee both contain caffeine, which is a mild stimulant and also causes the kidneys to excrete more water. They may cause sleeplessness, but not all people are affected. Alcohol, if not consumed excessively by adults, cannot be strongly objected to on medical grounds.

EXERCISE 1: Find words or phrases in the passage which mean the same as:

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