Subject 8. Culture sociology

Occupation purpose: to consider social and cultural aspects of knowledge of society; to characterize basic elements of culture; to discuss the problems arising during production, dissemination of culture and cross-cultural interaction; to define concept of mass culture.

Basic concepts: culture, sociocultural reality, values, norms, customs, laws, cultural integration, prepotent culture, sub - culture, a counterculture, ethnocentrism, cross-cultural interaction, a cultural relativism, mass culture, national culture, elite culture.

Plan:

1. Culture as social phenomenon.

2. Structure and functions of culture. Basic elements of culture.

3. Mass and elite culture.

Questions for reflection, self-examination and repetition:

1. What is the culture? Than the understanding of culture in Marxism and psychoanalysis differs?

2. What communication between a condition of culture and state of the economy of society?

3. What communication between culture and a civilization?

4. Call basic elements of culture. Whether it is possible to distinguish from them the main elements?

5. What functions of culture in society?

Tasks and exercises:

1. Lately in life of many Kazakhstan citizens there were such technical innovations as personal computers, smartphones, laptops, new types of household appliances (dishwashers, bread machines, Microwave ovens, etc.). Whether change these useful things lifestyle, behavior, nature of communication of their owners? Reason the answer.

2. Whether it is possible to speak about subculture of administrative elite or sub - culture of fans of an author's song? Specify the reasons causing formation of subcultures. What signs indicate belonging of the person to this or that subculture?

3. Define, to culture, what of three forms (elite, national and mass) the following elements belong: V. Vysotsky's songs, opera, chastushka, series, fairy tales?

4. Characterize subculture of social group on the following parameters: financial position, hobbies, personal characteristics, features of behavior. (For example, pensioners, students, teachers, etc.).

5. How you think, cultural contacts with what of the listed below people brought to Kazakhstan the greatest benefit, made fruitful impact?

Armenians, French, tataromongola, Americans, Persians, Kyrgyz, Georgians, Chinese, Russians, Uzbeks, Turks, Azerbaijanians, Americans, Germans.

6. The famous Spanish philosopher and the sociologist H.Ortega-i-Gasset noted that interactions of cultures in principle can be: a) neutral (cultures coexist, don't disturb each other and don't mix up); b) alternative, or counter-cultural (cultures actively restrict each other as everyone seeks to reach a dominant position and to get the values and standards in a community); c) competitive, competitive (in the course of self-development and fight for involvement of new supporters of culture can be displaced in area of the conflict relations).

Using the offered classification, estimate nature of interaction between and) Russia and Kazakhstan, b) Kazakhstan and the USA, c) the Western and Muslim world, d) theatrical and film culture, e) values of the Soviet generation of the 60th years of XX. and generations of the XXI century.

Definitions:

1) the new type of functioning of culture caused by processes of a mas-sovization of society, art commercialization, development of technologies of mass communication;

2) the culture approved on a change of the Middle Ages and modern times as secular culture, on the orientation – educational on social composition – for educated;

3) spontaneous, original expression by the people of values inherent in it;

4) aspiration to consider the culture as good and correct, and to estimate examples of other culture, proceeding from these standards;

5) groups of people, whose vital style differs from style of prepotent culture and which members identify themselves with norms, values and views of this group;

6) the general ideas shared by people of that is good and bad it is desirable and it is undesirable;

7) all customs created and acquired by people, beliefs, values, knowledge, symbols which are constantly used among the people conducting the general way of life;

8) the group, whose norms, views, values and vital style enter the direct conflict or resist to prepotent culture;

9) degree in which various elements of culture form the steady and interconnected whole;

10) views according to which any element of culture has to be estimated according to concrete time, a place and circumstances which caused its emergence;

11) norms which people consider vital for their wellbeing and in which their basic values find an embodiment;

12) people who regulate an origin of new elements of culture in society;

13) daily habits and conventions;

14) values, norms, traditions, views which are imposed by one part of society to society in general.

Problematic issues:

1. Discussion: "The book in life of the modern young man".

In public consciousness two mutually denying points of view concerning a place of the book and reading in modern culture of Kazakhstan citizens coexist.

One position was formulated as follows: "Generation of the 10th years of the XXI century – generation of "DVD culture". Numerous sociological polls show that the book plays the lesser role lives of the young man. Young people devote the most part of free time or to communication on social networks, either to computer games, or listening of music, or viewing of movies".

The opposite position can be defined as follows: "the book and the art word – so important components of culture what to speak about loss of book culture – it is simple not to understand its rootedness in spiritual life of any society. The problem can consist in lack of bright names in the literary environment, capable to express spirit of new generation. But it not a problem of loss of interest in the book in general".

Suggest participants of discussion to express the opinion on the matter. During discussion use data of sociological polls, personal experience of participants of discussion, views and statements of people, authoritative for your audience.

Literature:

1. Гидденс Э. Социология. М., 1999.

2. Ионин Л. Г. Социология культуры: путь в новое тысячелетие: Для вузов. 3-е изд., перераб., доп. М., 2000.

3. Касымжанов А. Духовное наследие казахского народа. Алматы 1991.

4. Коган Л.Н. Социология культуры. Екатеринбург, 1992.

5. Кравченко А.И. Социология. Учебник для вузов. М., 2008.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-14