Lesson 3. Fire-Fighting Measures

Exercise 1. Read and learn the following words and expressions:

	carelessness, negligence	халатность
	list	крен
	low visibility	плохая видимость
	closure	закрытие, герметизация
	combustible/flammable	легковоспламеняющиеся, опасный
	transverse bulkhead	поперечная переборка
	adjacent	примыкающий
	to break out (broke, broken)	начинаться, возникать, разразится (шторм)
9.	accessible (fire)	доступный (огонь)
	welding, forging	сварка, ковка,
	spot	место (работы с огнем)
	installation	установка
	fire watch or sentry	часовой
	foam extinguisher	пенный огнетушитель
	powder extinguisher	порошковый огнетушитель
	fire axe	пожарный топор
17.	fire nozzle	пожарный гидрант или сопло
	fire bucket	пожарное ведро
	fire main	пожарный трубопровод
20.	inlet and outlet	вход и выход
	to pull out the plug (socket)	отключить (розетка)
	to rule out, to eliminate	исключать, устранять
	contaminant	загрязняющее вещество, примесь
	extinguish extinction	тушить, гасить тушение огня
	sprinkler	распылитель, разбрызгиватель
	residual agents	остаток, остаточный продукт

Exercise 2. Read and translate the text.

Fire Emergency

Accidents can be caused by carelessness, by inappropriate personal protective equipment or by inexpert handling of appliances and also some dangers that cannot be eliminated, e.g. list, low visibility caused by fog etc.

Any fire which breaks out in spite of all the precautions remains restricted to its originating area. Experience teaches that a large fire on board can no longer be extinguished with the means available on board.

Because of the large size of the cargo holds that often contain large amount of combustible substances the restriction of fire is not always possible. If the cargo hold transverse bulkheads are not constructed as fire boundaries, spread of the fire to adjacent compartments cannot be ruled out.

Fixed fire alarms permit early recognition of an outbreak of fire. Closures for loading hatches, accesses, ventilation inlets and outlets permit prevention of the ingress (доступ) of atmospheric oxygen. Fixed fire fighting installations allow the fire to be restricted to the cargo hold in which it broke out.

The work of emergency squad often does not make sense as the seat of the fire is not free accessible. Spread of the fire is made more difficult or prevented by water-cooling the closures, transverse bulkheads and decks.

Fire in the accommodation area occurs not very often, but it is possible because of the fires in the machinery area. Fire risks arise there due to inadequate care and maintenance of the machinery installation and its auxiliaries.

Work with fire, like welding, burning or forging may only be carried out by experts specially trained and tested for this. There must be a fire watch on the spot.

All the fire-fighting systems and equipment should be in good operating condition ready for immediate use. The deck department is responsible for all portable fire-fighting equipment, while the engine department takes care of all fixed fire-fighting systems. The Muster list includes all information about the duties and actions in emergencies of any crewmember. Fire drills are held weekly or monthly depending on the ship’s type and company’s safety policy.

Exercise 3. Give brief answers to the following questions:

1. What are fire prevention measures? 2. When is it possible to use fire-fighting installations effectively? 3. When is it impossible to use only the means available on board? 4. How can fire be restricted to the area in which it broke out? 5. What is to be done when the work of fire squads is not possible? 6. Why are fire risks in the machinery area greater than anywhere else? 7. What would increase the danger of the fire growing into a large one? 8. How can the spread of fire be restricted? 9. What are the causes of many shipboard fires? 10. Who is responsible for refilling fire extinguishers? 11. When are fire drills carried out? 12. Where should a joining ship crewmember find out all about fire emergency?

Exercise 4. Give equivalents:

· in Russian: fire hydrants, fire boundary, galley, fire-fighting squad or party, to fight against, outlet, to pull out the plug, fire hoses, to give the fire alarm, fire nozzles, sand box, cargo hold, breathing apparatus, emergency duties, fire mains, hatch cover, inaccessible fire, fire alarm box, fire axes, combustible substances under high pressure, machinery space, to neglect, smoke helmet, precaution measures, enclosed space, broken out fire, to eliminate, forging, heater, inlet, to sound fire alarm signal, to ensure ventilation, shore pumps, closure, fire-extinguishing appliances, spot, fire bucket;

· in English: пожарная партия, фланцы, пожарный гидрант, пенный огнетушитель, потушить огонь, три класса пожара, легковоспламеняющиеся вещества, источник возгорания, закрытое пространство, коридоры, ограничить доступ кислорода, жилые помещения, машинное отделение, пожарная тревога, пена, пожарный шланг, примыкающее помещение, пожарный ствол или сопло, клапан, исключать, очаг огня, выключить из розетки, препятствовать скольжению, опрокидываться, сварка, поперечные переборки, распространение огня, пепельница, запрет, отсек.

Exercise 5. The wrong type of extinguishers or fire-fighting agents and equipment may worsen the situation, that’s why it is important that every crewmember knows the advantages and limitations of each fire extinguisher. Study the table and then discuss the information.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-14