Make Russian-English and English-Russian translation.

A. Наука – это система знаний о закономерностях развития природы, общества и мышления, а также отдельная отрасль таких знаний. Различают общественные науки, естественные науки. В русском разговорном языке это еще и то, что поучает, дает опыт, урок. Иногда говорят: пусть этот случай будет ему наукой.

B. Science is knowledge, which can be made into system and which usually depends on seeing and testing facts and stating general natural laws: Science has taught us how atoms are made up. The computer is one of the marvels of modern science. Science is also a branch of such knowledge usually studied at universities, such as biology, chemistry, physics, engineering, and sometimes mathematics.

Grammar Tutorials: The-ing Forms

14. Study the text “How Teachers Guide Learning” but first fill in the gaps with necessary word forms derived from the following verbs. Write down the text you’ve made.

1. learn 2. criticize 3. seek 4. analyze 5. solve 6. deal 7. desire 8. teach 9. educate 10. develop

The teacher’s main task is to create conditions that will encourage and stimulate (1) …. Teachers must help students develop their own initiative and ability to think (2) …. Good teachers guide students in (3)... important knowledge and (4)... possible (5) … to meaningful problems. They also help students understand important values involved in (6) … with various problems. Teachers use a variety of methods to achieve the (7) … learning goals. They also use such (8) … aids as books, audio-visual materials, teaching machines, and field trips. Good teachers are well- (9) …, know their subject and understand their students. They are familiar with the principles of education, the psychology of human (10) …, and theories of learning.

Theories of teaching have not been as fully developed as have theories of learning. Many educators feel that a theory of learning also provides sufficient guidelines for teaching. Most teachers probably combine behaviour modification, cognitive, and humanistic teaching principles. Many teachers do not consciously follow any theory, but rather depend on experience and intuition to guide them.

15. Directions: Pay attention to the way six teachers show their devotion to the teacher’s profession. Check either “suitable”, “eminently suitable”, “unsuitable” when choosing the proper words for introducing your life philosophy.

Life Philosophy	Suitable	Eminently suitable	Unsuitable

1) Haley, Beverly – a teacher of Computer science: “I enjoy a variety of interests including time with my family and friends, tennis, biking. I chose teaching as my profession because I enjoy learning and working with young people. My students can compile computer programmes, make use of different computer languages. In my view, teaching is the most important profession in the world. My motto is: “Minds are like parachutes – they only function when open.”

2) Mary, Hardy – a teacher of Power engineering: I love teaching and feel that one of the most valuable things a student can learn is not only to acquire professional skills but can learn how to communicate. Working with the students actively involved in learning is where the real joy of teaching is. I am always into new technologies. I like Benjamin Franklin words: “Being ignorant is not so much a shame as being unwilling to learn.”

3) Kate, Marybeth – a teacher of Building Construction: “My interests include my family, husband, children. I enjoy gardening, reading, going to quality productions in the performing arts, and spending time at our beach home. I enjoy being in the classroom. I try to instil in my students confidence in themselves; if they have this confidence, they have the ability to succeed.”

4) Robert, Brown – a teacher of Arts: “My special interests and hobbies include theatre and golf. I am interested in architectural design. I choose to teach because it’s a good way to keep from being bored. I am proud that my students do well with their studies. I feel I have a part in “building for a better tomorrow,” I can have an impact on students and make a difference.

5) Judy, Mednick – a teacher of Psychology: What I enjoy most are cooking, travelling, jogging and theatre. My hobbies are free-lance writing and bird watching. I have chosen to spend most of my life teaching because – to adapt a famous Socratic adage – I believe that the uneducated life is not worth living. My motivation to work in the area of special education is “to turn on the turned off.”

6) Cooper, Terry – a teacher of Machine-building: “I enjoy playing the guitar and singing. My philosophy is that students are like plants: given a healthy nurturing environment, they’ll naturally grow toward the light. I try to apply this philosophy in to my classroom as well as in my home. I try to widen my outlook, to sort out what techniques I would use in the classroom.” I believe that friendship is a doing thing.

Additional Activities: Miscellaneous

16. a) Scan the text “Intelligence”.

What makes one person more intelligent than another? What makes one person a genius, like the brilliant Albert Einstein, and another person a fool? Are people born intelligent or stupid, or is intelligence the result of where and how you live? These are very old questions and the answers to them are still not clear.

We know, however, that just being born with a good mind is not enough. In some ways, the mind is like a leg or an arm muscle. It needs exercise. Mental exercise is particularly important for young children. Many psychologists state that our sense of touch plays a key role in our health and well-being, and that the caress of another person releases hormones that can ease pain and clear the mind. There are also many child psychologists who think that parents should play with their children more often and give them problems to think about. The children are then more likely to grow up bright and intelligent. If, on the other hand, children are left alone a great deal with nothing to do, they are more likely to become dull and unintelligent.

Parents should also be careful what they say to young children. According to some psychologists, if parents are always telling a child that he or she is a fool or an idiot, then the child is more likely to keep doing silly and foolish things. So it is probably better for parents to say very positive things to their children, such as “That was a very clever thing you did” or “You are such a smart child.”

Now there are different methods of teaching (verbal, practical, visual), means of teaching (study-books, teaching aids, posters, models, educational technologies), forms of teaching (lessons, laboratory works, practical classes; collective, group and individual training).

What do you think? Are people born intelligent or do they become intelligent with the help of good parents, teachers and their skills?

Дата добавления: 2015-11-14