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1) territory, 2) population, 3) common identity, 4) common history/ experience, 5) aspirations for the future
What constitutes a State? The elements of statehood:
1) territory, 2) population, 3) independence, 4) sovereign government
Multinational state - states with populations diverse in language, culture, religion or identification.
STATE:
The supreme controlling force within society is the state
State is a political association (unit) that has ultimate sovereignty – that is ultimate responsibility for the conduct of its affairs. Max Weber defined state an organization having `the monopoly of the legitimate use of force in a given territorial area` … means of ‘legitimate violence’. Kazakhstan is a state, the USA is state, but Almaty is not state, K’Cell is not state.
In other words:
State is a political association establishes sovereign jurisdiction within defined territorial borders, and exercises authority through a set of permanent institutions. These institutions are those that are recognizably ‘public’ in that they are responsible for the collective organization of communal life, and are funded at the public expense.
Debate over the nature of state power and the role of the state is one of the central themes in political science.
State - a country which is independent of all others; the permanent political authority within an independent country.
Shortly, nation has historical, cultural as well as political aspects. Th e state has territorial and political aspects, as well as aspect of coercive power.
Unitary state - one in which sovereignty is located in one place, concentrated at the ‘centre’ of the state. A single national and central government drafts and administers most laws and allows little autonomy.
Federal state - one in which the constitution lays down that sovereignty is shared between the central authority and local and regional authorities. Power is divided between the national and the state or provincial government. Usually, national government controls foreign affairs, defence, and currency, whilst, state government handle education, welfare and policing.
'The State' can refer to the government, but properly includes and refers to the people and the government... It is a country as a unified community in whole, and in concept.
'The Government' includes the people and departments that take active, professional, elected, or appointed part in governance, and the conceptual authority they act upon to do so.
Government: is made up of people that exercise its powers, all those who have authority and control people.
State: is a body of people, living in a defined territory, organized politically, and the power to enforce the law with out the consent of any higher authority.
Government classification: read book page 45
Statist – pre-capitalist system.
Socialism – opposite of capitalism, state ownership of the whole society
Welfarism – social democracy,
Laissez-faire – capitalism
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