Exercise 14. Use an apostrophe in the following sentences.

1. There s a wonderful duel in a novel of Pushkins.

2. Two men were chanting in an Eastern language or dialect full of k s and l s.

3. Hope s father had left when she was a baby. She didnt even remember him.

4. Kiki had a good solid B average, but after four years of high school she could count her A s on one hand.

5. He can t pronounce his r s.

6. The psychologists name was Dr Toulouse.

Quotation marks (“ ”) (Inverted Commas)

● Quotation marks are used to indicate quoted speech and material quoted from another printed source, to punctuate some titles, and to mark words used in special ways.

In British English single marks (‘ ’) are used in most cases and double marks (“ ”) indicate quotations within quotations.

Susanna said, ‘Maybe we can improve the avocado’s image if we return to our old “slice it, chop it, mash it” slogan.’(Br.)

In American English double quotation marks (“ ”) are used for all purposes except quotations within quotations, which are marked by single marks (‘ ’).

Susanna said, “Maybe we can improve the avocado’s image if we return to our old ‘slice it, chop it, mash it’ slogan.” (US)

Quotation marks are always used in pairs: an opening mark and a closing mark.

Direct quotations must be set off with quotation marks.

Alice Walker writes, ‘I thank my friend June Jordan.’

When giving a direct quotation, the speaker may be identified before the quotation, after the quotation, within the quotation, or not at all if the identity of the speaker is already clear to readers. The last situation occurs most frequently in dialogue.

She said, ‘This college is very beautiful, it’s like another century.’

‘This college is very beautiful,’ she said, ‘it’s like another century.’

‘This college is very beautiful, it’s like another century,’ she said.

‘This college is very beautiful, it’s like another century.’

Notice that the first word of the quotation is capitalized, but if the quotation is broken, as in the second example, the first word after the speaker tag (she said) is not capitalized unless it actually begins a new quoted sentence, as in the following examples:

‘Of course,’ she answered sarcastically. ‘Is he as handsome as his photographs?’

‘Reading,’ she replied. ‘And I’d be grateful if you’d quit blocking my sun.’

‘Come in,’ she said. ‘Can I get you something to drink?’

● Do not use a comma after a question mark or exclamation point in the direct quotation.

‘What’s this?’ Bob asked the boy.

‘Bring him in – I’ll call a doctor!’ she shouted back.

● Notice that each time a new speaker is quoted, a new paragraph is needed.

‘Daddy, when you were my age, how much television could you watch?’ Paula glanced at Bob seductively.

‘When I was your age, there was no TV.’

‘Are you that old?’

‘What your father means,’ said Sheila, glossing Bob’s hyperbole, ‘was he knew that reading books was more rewarding.’

‘We read books in school,’ said Paula. ‘Can I watch the tube now?’

‘If all your homework is done,’ said Sheila.

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