Information technology

Technology - is a complex scientific and engineering knowledge, implemented in the methods of work, sets of material, technical, energy, labor inputs, how they connect to create a product or service that meet certain requirements. Therefore, technology is inextricably linked to the mechanization of production or non-productive, especially the management process. Management technology is based on the use of computers and telecommunications equipment.
According to definition, information technology is a complex of interrelated scientific, technological and engineering disciplines to explore the efficient organization of human labor, employment information processing and storage; computer equipment and methods of organization and interaction with people and production equipment, and their practical applications, as well as related with all the attendant social, economic and cultural problems. Information technologies require a complex preparation, large initial costs and high-tech equipment. Their introduction should begin with the creation of software, information flow in systems training.
The information technology refers to the process that uses the combination of means and methods for collecting, processing and transmission of data (primary data) for information about the quality of the new state of the object, process or phenomenon (information product).

If as a sign of information technology to choose the tools with which information processing (tools of technology)are held, we can distinguish the following stages of its development:

Stage 1 (until the second half of XIX century.) - "Manual" information technology, tools which were: pen, ink, book. Communication was carried out manually by sending letters through the mail, packages, telegrams. The main purpose of technology was to provide information in the required form.
Stage 2 (end of XIX century.) - "Mechanical" technology, equipped with more sophisticated means of mail delivery, tools which were: a typewriter, telephone, voice recorder. The main purpose of technology - presentation of information in the right form, more convenient means.

The third stage (40 - 60-ies of XX century.) - "Electric" technology, tools which were: mainframes and related software, electric typewriters, copy machines, portable recorders. The main objective of information technology begins to move from the presentation of information on the formation of its content.
4-th stage (from early 70's.) - "E" technology, the basic tools are large computers and being create on their basis of automated control systems (DCS) and information retrieval systems, equipped with a wide range of basic and specialized software complexes. The gravity center of technology is even more shifted to the formation of meaningful information for environmental management of different spheres of public life, especially the organization of analytical work.
5-th stage (mid 80's.) - "Computer" ("new") technology, basic equipment which is a personal computer with a wide range of standard software products for various purposes. At this stage the process of personalizing the AMS, which is manifested in the creation of decision support systems by certain specialists. Similar systems have built-in elements of the analysis and artificial intelligence for different levels of management, are implemented on a personal computer and use telecommunications. In connection with the transition to microprocessor base are significant changes and technical means of domestic, cultural and other appointments.
6-stage - "network technology" (it is sometimes considered as a part of computer technology) just installed. They begin to be widely used in various fields of global and local computer networks. It’s predicted in the near future a rapid growth, due to the popularity of its founder - the global computer network Internet.
In recent years, the term "information technology" is frequently represented as a synonymous with "computer technology", as all information technology is now one way or another connected with use of a computer. However, the term "information technology" is much broader and includes "computer technology" as a component. At the same time, information technologies, based on the use of modern computer and network resources, form the term "Modern Information Technologies".

U.B. Robert conceives means of modern information and communication technologies as the software, and hardware, as well as devices that operate on the basis of microprocessors, computer engineering, modern facilities and systems of broadcasting information, information exchange, providing operations on collection, production, stockpiling, storage, processing, transmission of information and access to information resources of computer networks (including global). Means of modern information and communication technologies include: computers, personal computer, sets of terminal equipment for all classes of computers, local area networks, input / output of information, means of entering and manipulating text and graphical information, the means of archival storage of large information volumes and other peripheral equipment of modern computers; devices for converting data from a graphic or sound format for digital data and vice versa; means and equipment for handling audio-visual information (based on multimedia technologies and "virtual reality"); systems of artificial intelligence; computer graphics systems, software (programming languages, translators, compilers, operating systems, application packages, etc.) and others, modern means of communication, providing information as customer interaction at the local level (eg, within the one or more organizations) and global (World Wide medium).

According to the experts managing the education for the implementation of modern information technologies is required:
1. To create a technological environment, hardware and software, telecommunications systems, ensuring the normal functioning of the production sphere;
2. To provide the industrial-technological base for production in the international division of labor in the national competitiveness of information technology and resources;
3. To ensure priority development of advanced manufacturing information and knowledge;
4. To prepare a skilled work force;

5. To implement a comprehensive implementation of information technologies in the sphere of production, management, education, science, culture, transport, energy, etc.
Foreign educational institutions are developing new activities to create conditions for the transition to modern information technology. In their view, the quickest way to enable our country in the world education system is the establishment of educational institutions in Kazakhstan, the conditions for the global Internet, which are considered to be a model of communication in the global information society.

Ministry of Education of Kazakhstan sees the following ways of entering the national education system into the global educational environment:
1. Improvement of basic training schools and students of higher and secondary education in computer science and modern information technologies;
2. Retraining of teachers in the field of modern information technologies;
3. Informatization process of training and education;
4. Equipping the education system by technical means of information;
5. Creation of a modern national information environment and integration in educational institutions;

6. Establishment on the basis of modern information technologies Unified Distance Education in Kazakhstan;

7. Kazakhstani participation in international programs related to the introduction of modern information technologies in education.

1. Read the text and answer the questions:

1. What are the characteristics of the modern period of development?

2. Depict the features of the global social process.

3. What does the informatization of society provide?

4. What does the term “technology” mean?

5. What stages can you distinguish in the development of information technologies?

2. Consult a dictionary, find out diverse meanings of the following words and word-combinations and practice their pronunciation:

Informatization, dominant, microprocessors, availability, visualization, methodology, harnessing goals, high-tech equipments, peripheral equipment, converting data, virtual reality.

3.Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading texts. Put: YES. NO, NOT GIVEN

Дата добавления: 2015-11-14