Attributive groups

There are 2 types of attributive structures: two-member attributive structures and multi- member (or nominal) attributive structures.

Two-member attributive structures, expressed by a substantive (a noun) can be translated into Kazakh:

1.1 by adjective- Emergency meeting – Кезектен тыс отырыс:

1.2 by a noun in genetive case – income policy – Кіріс саясаты

1.3 by a noun with preposition – strike warning – Көтеріліс жайында ескерту

1.4 by surbodinate clause – a bond rally – Облигациялар иемденуге арналған үгіттеу шеруі

vice boys – есірткі сатумен күресу бойынша айналысатын милиция бөлімінің жігіттері

wage deadlock – тығырыққа тірелу, яғни айлық жалақысын көтеру жайындағы келіссөздер.

Let’s contemplate the 2 type”multi-member attributive structures:

1 2 3

Ex: Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty – Стратегиялық қаруландыруды шектеу жайындағы келісім шарт.

First of all it is necessary to translate the final noun, which is always the main word in such a phrase. Then one should single out sense groups within the phrase and analyze relations between them. If all these groups modify the final noun they may be translated in the same succession as they are in English, or in different succession, according to the norms of the Kazakh language. If they modify each other in consecutive order the reverse way of translation is often recommended.

Ex: 1. The Subversive Activities Control Board Civil Rights Congress activities proceedings –Бақылау басқармасындағы Конгресстік қызметіндегі азаматтық құқық үшін күрескен теріс әрекетін тергеу.

2. Dr Martin Luther King, the civil rights leader, fell a victim of racialism - Азаматтық құқықты қорғау жөніндегі жетекші Мартин Лютер Кинг россизмнін құрбаны болды

3. The garbage strike in New Orleans began on the 21^st of January - 21-қаңтар күні Жаңа Орлеанда қоқыс жинаушылардың ереуілі басталды.

4. The hemispheric parley mapped the fight on war - Дөңгелек стол отырысында әскери әрекеттердің жоспары құрылды.

5. Bank Credit Regulation Committee - Банк несиелерін қадағалау жөніндегі комитет

6. Raw material production countries - Шикізат өндіруші мемлекеттер

7. Sudden policy change - Саясаттың кенеттен өзгеруі

8. Combined operations headquarter - Бірігіп әрекет ету бөлімі

9. National Liberation Front Successes - Ұлттық азаттық фронтының жетістіктері

10. London district comitette - Лондонның аудандық комитеті

11. The Labour – controlled city council - Лейбористермен бақыланатын қалалық кеңес

12. A six point control plan - Алты пунктен тұратын қорытынды жоспар

WEEK 5. Topic: Science. Technology and Innovation.

Grammar: The Word Substitution

Практических занятий – 6час., СРОП- 6час., СРО- 6час.

Intelligence is the ability to use thought and knowledge to comprehend things and solve problems

Ponder over the following collocations and try to explicate their meanings:

a/ political and social science

b/ formal and applied science

c/ scientific revolution

d/ scientific method

e/science and technology

Focus on reading:

1. Science (from Latin: scientia meaning "knowledge") is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. An older and closely related meaning still in use today is that of Aristotle, for whom scientific knowledge was a body of reliable knowledge that can be logically and rationally explained (see "History and etymology" section below).

Since classical antiquity science as a type of knowledge was closely linked to philosophy. In the early modern era the two words, "science" and "philosophy", were sometimes used interchangeably in the English language. By the 17th century, "natural philosophy" (which is today called "natural science") had begun to be considered separately from "philosophy" in general. However, "science" continued to be used in a broad sense denoting reliable knowledge about a topic, in the same way it is still used in modern terms such as library science or political science.

In modern use, science is "often treated as synonymous with ‘natural and physical science’, and thus restricted to those branches of study that relate to the phenomena of the material universe and their laws, sometimes with implied exclusion of pure mathematics. This is now the dominant sense in ordinary use." This narrower sense of "science" developed as a part of science became a distinct enterprise of defining "laws of nature", based on early examples such as Kepler's laws, Galileo's laws, and Newton's laws of motion. In this period it became more common to refer to natural philosophy as "natural science". Over the course of the 19th century, the term "science" became increasingly associated with the disciplined study of the natural world including physics, chemistry, geology and biology. That left the study of human thought and society in a linguistic limbo, which was resolved by classifying these areas of academic study as social science. Similarly, several other major areas of disciplined study and knowledge exist today under the general rubric of "science", such as formal science and applied science.

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